Woźniak H, Wiecek E
Zakładu Aerozoli Instytutu Medycyny Pracy.
Med Pr. 1991;42(4):249-55.
MACs of asbestos are from 2 to 20 times higher in Poland than in other Western Europe countries. The analysis of occupational diseases reported between 1983 and 1988 among workers of asbestos-cement plants has showed that Polish MAC values do not protect people from work-related asbestosis. Asbestosis was frequently diagnosed in workers employed at mining and processing of nickel ore containing admixtures of fibrous antigorite. The risk of asbestosis in workers of a nickel++ metallurgical plant was 8 times higher that in those employed at an asbestos-cement plant. In an animal study, fibrogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of antigorite was similar to the biological aggressiveness of crocidolite. Based on own studies and literature data, the following MACs for asbestos and other natural fibrous minerals were established: a) for dusts containing asbestos and other fibrous minerals except crocidolite and fibrous antigorite, total dust concentration equals 1 mg/m3 and concentration of fibres longer than 5 microns = 0.5 fibre/cm3 b) for dusts containing crocidolite and fibrous antigorite total dust concentration = 0.5 mg/m3 and concentration of fibres longer than 5 microns = 0.2 fibre/cm3.
波兰石棉的最大允许浓度（MAC）比其他西欧国家高2至20倍。对1983年至1988年间石棉水泥工厂工人报告的职业病分析表明，波兰的MAC值无法保护人们免受与工作相关的石棉沉着病侵害。在开采和加工含有纤维状叶蛇纹石混合物的镍矿的工人中，石棉沉着病经常被诊断出来。镍冶金厂工人患石棉沉着病的风险比石棉水泥厂工人高8倍。在一项动物研究中，叶蛇纹石的致纤维化、致癌和致突变活性与青石棉的生物侵袭性相似。根据自身研究和文献数据，确定了以下石棉和其他天然纤维矿物的MAC值：a）对于含有石棉和其他纤维矿物（除青石棉和纤维状叶蛇纹石外）的粉尘，总粉尘浓度等于1毫克/立方米，长度超过5微米的纤维浓度 = 0.5根/立方厘米；b）对于含有青石棉和纤维状叶蛇纹石的粉尘，总粉尘浓度 = 0.5毫克/立方米，长度超过5微米的纤维浓度 = 0.2根/立方厘米。
