Kertész Virág, Bakonyi Gábor, Farkas Beáta
Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 Sep;65(1):67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.05.016. Epub 2006 May 5.
The effects of heavy metal pollutants on aquatic birds have been widely studied in ecotoxicological investigations; however, the predominant focus has been on the postnatal period of life. Limited information on the adverse effects of metals to bird eggs is available. The possible toxic effects of lead and copper were studied in mallard eggs. After the accidental severe heavy metal pollution of the Tisa river (Hungary) in March 2000, these metals were detected in the highest concentration in both the water and the sediment, reaching far beyond acceptable concentrations. Pb treatment (2.9 mg/L) significantly increased the rate of mortality after a single immersion of the eggs into polluted water for 30 min. The rate of dead embryos significantly increased after the combined exposure to Cu and Pb (0.86 and 2.9 mg/L, respectively) both in the single- (once for 30 min) and in the multiple- (10s daily during first trimester of incubation) immersion groups. It was concluded that elevated metal concentrations similar to those found in the Tisa river after the tailing dam failure may cause toxic effects (mortality and teratogenicity) upon exposure of mallard eggs.
在生态毒理学研究中，重金属污染物对水鸟的影响已得到广泛研究；然而，主要关注点一直是鸟类出生后的生命阶段。关于金属对鸟蛋不良影响的信息有限。本研究对野鸭蛋中铅和铜的潜在毒性作用进行了探究。2000年3月，匈牙利蒂萨河意外遭受严重重金属污染，水中和沉积物中的这些金属浓度均达到最高值，远超可接受浓度。用含铅量为2.9毫克/升的水单次浸泡鸟蛋30分钟后，铅处理组的死亡率显著增加。在单次浸泡组（浸泡一次，30分钟）和多次浸泡组（孵化前期每天浸泡10秒）中，联合暴露于铜和铅（分别为0.86毫克/升和2.9毫克/升）后，死胚率均显著上升。研究得出结论，尾矿坝溃坝后蒂萨河中出现的类似高金属浓度，可能在野鸭蛋暴露时造成毒性作用（死亡和致畸）。
