Tolun L, Martens D, Okay O S, Schramm K W
TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Chemistry and Environment Research Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.
Environ Int. 2006 Aug;32(6):758-65. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.014. Epub 2006 May 5.
Izmit Bay and its coastal environment was strongly affected by the August 17th, 1999 Izmit Earthquake. The changes in the Bay ecosystem and its chemical oceanography have been studied in detail previously [Okay, O.S., Tolun, L, Telli-Karakoç, F., Tüfekçi, V., Tüfekçi, H. And Morkoç, E. 2001. Yzmit Bay ecosystem after Marmara earthquake and subsequent fire: The long-term data. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, 361-369; Balkýs, N. 2003. The effect of Marmara (Izmit ) Earthquake on the chemical oceanography of Izmit Bay, Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, 865-878.]. In this study surface sediments collected from the Izmit Bay before and after the earthquake have been analysed for total and individual (14 compounds) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Analyses have been performed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FD). Before the earthquake, total PAH concentrations in the Bay sediments ranged from 120 to 8900 ng/g while after the earthquake PAH concentrations varied between 240 and 11,400 ng/g. Molecular indices based on isomeric PAH ratios used to differentiate the pollution sources, clearly indicate the differences in molecular distribution of PAHs before and after the earthquake. Sediment data obtained before the earthquake shows that most of the contamination originated from high temperature pyrolytic inputs while after the earthquake it originated from petrogenic sources. This difference emphasises the environmental impact of uncontrolled discharges from petroleum industries after the earthquake. The LMW/HMW ratio (sum of the low molecular weight PAHs / the sum of higher molecular weight PAHs) predominance also changed after the earthquake as a result of the strong water movements. According to the characteristics of aromatic rings distributed in the bay sediments, the soluble parts of the total PAH were probably transferred to the water column after the earthquake as a result of resuspension process. The TEL/PEL (Threshold Effect Level / Probable Effect Level) analysis suggests that the Izmit Bay sediments were likely contaminated by acutely toxic PAH compounds.
伊兹密特湾及其沿海环境受到1999年8月17日伊兹密特地震的强烈影响。此前已对该湾生态系统及其化学海洋学的变化进行了详细研究[奥凯，O.S.，托伦，L，泰利 - 卡拉科ç，F.，图费克çi，V.，图费克çi，H.和莫尔科ç，E. 2001。马尔马拉地震及随后火灾后的伊兹密特湾生态系统：长期数据。《海洋污染公报》42，361 - 369；巴尔基斯，N. 2003。马尔马拉（伊兹密特）地震对土耳其伊兹密特湾化学海洋学的影响。《海洋污染公报》46，865 - 878。]。在本研究中，对地震前后从伊兹密特湾采集的表层沉积物进行了总多环芳烃（PAH）和单个（14种化合物）多环芳烃的分析。分析采用带荧光检测的高效液相色谱法（HPLC/FD）。地震前，该湾沉积物中的总PAH浓度范围为120至8900纳克/克，而地震后PAH浓度在240至11400纳克/克之间变化。基于异构PAH比率用于区分污染源的分子指数清楚地表明了地震前后PAHs分子分布的差异。地震前获得的沉积物数据表明，大部分污染源自高温热解输入，而地震后则源自成岩源。这种差异强调了地震后石油工业无控制排放对环境的影响。由于强烈的水流运动，地震后低分子量/高分子量比率（低分子量PAHs总和/高分子量PAHs总和）的优势也发生了变化。根据分布在海湾沉积物中的芳香环特征，地震后总PAH的可溶部分可能由于再悬浮过程而转移到水柱中。TEL/PEL（阈值效应水平/可能效应水平）分析表明，伊兹密特湾沉积物可能受到急性毒性PAH化合物的污染。
