Pedrós-Alió Carlos
Institut de Ciències del Mar, CMIMA-CSIC, P. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-42, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Trends Microbiol. 2006 Jun;14(6):257-63. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2006.04.007. Epub 2006 May 6.
Estimates of the order of magnitude for the total number of microbial species on Earth range from 10(3) to 10(9). Despite global dispersal of microorganisms, this number is probably rather large. The total biodiversity of an ecosystem is composed of two elements: first, a set of abundant taxa that carry out most ecosystem functions, grow actively and suffer intense losses through predation and viral lysis. These taxa are retrievable with molecular techniques but are difficult to grow in culture. Second, there is a seed bank of many rare taxa that are not growing or grow extremely slowly, do not experience viral lysis and predation is reduced. Such taxa are seldom retrieved by molecular techniques but many can be grown in culture, which explains the dictum 'everything is everywhere'.
地球上微生物物种总数的数量级估计范围为10³至10⁹。尽管微生物在全球范围内扩散，但这个数字可能相当庞大。生态系统的总生物多样性由两个要素组成：第一，一组丰富的分类群，它们执行大多数生态系统功能，积极生长，并因捕食和病毒裂解而遭受严重损失。这些分类群可以通过分子技术检索到，但很难在培养物中生长。第二，有许多稀有分类群的种子库，它们不生长或生长极其缓慢，不会经历病毒裂解，捕食也减少。这类分类群很少通过分子技术检索到，但许多可以在培养物中生长，这就解释了“万物无处不在”这句格言。
