Wagensberg Jorge
Fundació "la Caixa" Museu de la Ciencia, Barcelona.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos. 2005;12(Suppl):309-21. doi: 10.1590/s0104-59702005000400015.
Science museums encourage not only scientific knowledge and methodology, but also people's opinion about scientific issues. This has been the main concern of Barcelona's Museo de Ciência de la Fundación "la Caixa" throughout its twenty years of existence. According to the author of the present article, the goals of "total museology" comply with the new trend some museums have been following. So that this new trend becomes more sound and widespread, it is necessary to create new concepts for museology. The first science museums were natural history and tools and machinery museums, which displayed artifacts in glass cases to visitors. Their mission was also that of preserving collections for the use of scientists. Science museums of today display real phenomena and provide visitors' interaction with them. Whatever the topic it focus, a science museums is "concentrated reality" either of objects or phenomena. This is probably the main distinctive feature of museology and of other forms of scientific communication. For teachers and lecturers, words are the basic element of communication, for books and magazines, the written language. There are no films without images, as there is no radio with sounds. In a museum, there are no restrictions as to the use of stimulation, models, graphic images or new technology, but just as accessories to reality, never as reality itself.
科学博物馆不仅鼓励科学知识和方法论，还鼓励人们对科学问题发表看法。这一直是巴塞罗那“la Caixa”基金会科学博物馆二十年来的主要关注点。根据本文作者的观点，“全面博物馆学”的目标符合一些博物馆一直遵循的新趋势。为了使这一新趋势更加合理和广泛传播，有必要为博物馆学创造新的概念。最早的科学博物馆是自然历史博物馆以及工具和机械博物馆，它们向参观者展示玻璃柜中的文物。它们的使命也是为科学家保存藏品以供使用。如今的科学博物馆展示真实的现象，并让参观者与之互动。无论其关注的主题是什么，科学博物馆都是物体或现象的“浓缩现实”。这可能是博物馆学以及其他形式科学传播的主要显著特征。对于教师和讲师而言，语言是交流的基本要素，对于书籍和杂志来说，书面语言是基本要素。没有图像就没有电影，没有声音就没有广播。在博物馆里，对于使用刺激手段、模型、图形图像或新技术没有限制，但它们只是作为现实的辅助手段，而绝不是现实本身。
