Alferdinck Johan W A M
TNO Human Factors, PO Box 23, Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2006 May;26(3):264-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00324.x.
During night-time driving hazardous objects often appear at mesopic light levels, which are typically measured using light meters with a spectral sensitivity that is only valid for photopic light levels. In order to develop suitable mesopic models a target detection experiment was performed in a driving simulator. While subjects drove along a winding road they had to respond to randomly presented circular targets at various eccentricities. The background luminance ranged between 0.01 and 10 cd m(-2), and was either white, yellow, red or blue. The RT, number of missed targets, and driving behaviour were measured. The results show that target detection and driving performance get poorer with decreasing background luminance and increasing eccentricity of the target, in particular for the red colour. At high driving speeds and low luminances subjects tend to neglect left off-axis targets. Luminance calculated with existing reaction-time-based mesopic models fits better to RT data than the widely-used photopic luminance.
在夜间驾驶时，危险物体常常出现在中间视觉光照水平下，而中间视觉光照水平通常是使用光谱灵敏度仅适用于明视觉光照水平的光度计来测量的。为了开发合适的中间视觉模型，在驾驶模拟器中进行了目标检测实验。当受试者沿着蜿蜒的道路行驶时，他们必须对随机呈现的、位于不同偏心度处的圆形目标做出反应。背景亮度在0.01至10 cd·m⁻²之间，背景颜色为白色、黄色、红色或蓝色。测量了反应时间、漏检目标数量和驾驶行为。结果表明，随着背景亮度降低和目标偏心度增加，目标检测和驾驶性能会变差，尤其是对于红色目标。在高驾驶速度和低亮度条件下，受试者往往会忽略左侧离轴目标。用现有的基于反应时间的中间视觉模型计算出的亮度比广泛使用的明视觉亮度更符合反应时间数据。
