Magalhães Teresa
Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto.
Acta Med Port. 2005 Nov-Dec;18(6):453-8. Epub 2006 Mar 6.
We present a reflection about the victim as the object of the medico-legal intervention, that opens perspectives not only to the evidence research (as a techno-scientific contribute to support Justice in what concerns bio-psycho-social questions), but also to the support of victims which, in a last analysis, is no more than another aspect of this the social contribution of this science to ensure the best interest of the victim. This reflection aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the victim in his/her various perspectives. Accordingly, during the exposition, we refer some contributes of Victimology towards the understanding of the victims' behaviour's. Afterwards, we focus on the problems related to the aetiologies (with a particular reference to trauma), levels and consequences (physical, psychological and socio-economical) of victimization, as well as the methodologies of victims approach, medico-legal evaluation and reparation. Considering victims as being not only those who suffer directly the consequences of the victimizing phenomena, but also those that suffer from it indirectly and even secondarily, we shall approach the topic regarding both perspectives. We highlight the importance of understanding the victim as a person, not just understanding him/her confined to the organic aspect (as it used to be until recently in certain fields of medico-legal intervention, and as it still happens due to some legal obligations, for instance in the Labour Law), but considering the person in a global way (body, capacities, life situations and subjectivity). In conclusion, we highlight the importance of this topic to the medico-legal mission, while taking part in various multidisciplinary interventions and being involved in strategies and measures which purpose is to prevent violence, promote safety, avoid secondary victimization and revictimization as well as guarantee the victims' protection and reintegration, in a work attitude that should happen, even more and more, as a real network.
我们对作为法医学干预对象的受害者进行了反思,这不仅为证据研究开辟了新视角(作为一种技术科学贡献,以支持司法在生物心理社会问题方面的工作),也为受害者支持工作带来了新视角,归根结底,这不过是该学科社会贡献的另一个方面,即确保受害者的最大利益。这一反思旨在有助于从不同角度更好地了解受害者。因此,在阐述过程中,我们提及了受害者学对理解受害者行为的一些贡献。之后,我们关注与受害原因(特别提及创伤)、受害程度和后果(身体、心理和社会经济方面)相关的问题,以及对待受害者的方法、法医学评估和赔偿。考虑到受害者不仅包括那些直接遭受受害现象后果的人,还包括那些间接甚至次生受害的人,我们将从这两个角度探讨该主题。我们强调将受害者视为人来理解的重要性,不仅仅是局限于从机体层面理解他/她(就像在某些法医学干预领域直到最近一直那样,并且由于一些法律义务,比如在劳动法中,现在仍然如此),而是要从整体上看待这个人(身体、能力、生活状况和主观性)。总之,我们强调这个主题对法医学使命的重要性,同时参与各种多学科干预,并参与旨在预防暴力、促进安全、避免二次受害和再次受害以及保障受害者保护和重新融入社会的战略和措施,应以一种越来越像真正网络的工作态度来开展这些工作。