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1
Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea.痛经的诊断与管理
BMJ. 2006 May 13;332(7550):1134-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7550.1134.
2
Pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea.盆腔疼痛和痛经。
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1972 Aug;19(3):669-80. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)32745-6.
3
A practical approach to the patient with dysmenorrhea.痛经患者的实用诊疗方法。
J Reprod Med. 1980 Oct;25(4 Suppl):236-42.
4
Office gynecology: managing dysmenorrhea.妇科门诊：痛经的管理
Postgrad Med. 1976 Jul;60(7):161-4. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1976.11714426.
5
Managing the pain of primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea.原发性和继发性痛经的疼痛管理。
Nurs Times. 2004;100(10):40-3.
6
Menstruation and its disorders in adolescence.青春期的月经及其紊乱
Curr Probl Pediatr. 1982 Aug;12(10):1-61. doi: 10.1016/0045-9380(82)90034-2.
7
[Painful menstruation].[痛经]
MMW Fortschr Med. 2009 Dec 10;151(51-52):43. doi: 10.1007/BF03365849.
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Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.原发性痛经的治疗。
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1983;113:83-5. doi: 10.3109/00016348309155205.
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Dysmenorrhoea.痛经
Med J Aust. 1975 Aug 30;2(9):349-52. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1975.tb105867.x.
10
Oh, the dilemma of dysmenorrhea--what's new?哦，痛经的困境——有什么新情况呢？
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2001 Feb;14(1):1-2. doi: 10.1016/s1083-3188(00)00088-7.

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The Impact of Nutrition on Endometriosis Complaints in Patients Using and Not Using Hormone Therapy.营养对使用和未使用激素疗法的子宫内膜异位症患者不适症状的影响。
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Whole-body cryostimulation exposures effectively alleviates menstrual-related pain and associated sleep disturbances in young women: a randomized controlled trial.全身冷冻刺激暴露有效缓解年轻女性与月经相关的疼痛及相关睡眠障碍：一项随机对照试验。
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Academic stress and irregular menstruation influence the dysmenorrhea, school absenteeism and healthcare seeking among adolescent girls in junior high school in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study.学业压力与月经不调对上海初中少女痛经、缺课及就医行为的影响：一项横断面研究
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Interaction of blood-entry components, network pharmacology and transcriptomics to elucidate the mechanism of Wentong plaster in treating primary dysmenorrhea.经血归经成分、网络药理学与转录组学的相互作用以阐明温通膏治疗原发性痛经的机制
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 2;16:1591558. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1591558. eCollection 2025.
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Herbal decoctions for dysmenorrhea under universal health coverage pilot project: Evidence from a nationwide claims database in the Republic of Korea.全民健康覆盖试点项目下治疗痛经的草药汤剂：来自大韩民国全国索赔数据库的证据。
Integr Med Res. 2025 Sep;14(3):101152. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2025.101152. Epub 2025 May 21.
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In pain and lonely? A longitudinal study examining the associations between menstrual pain, physical functioning and loneliness.在痛苦与孤独中？一项纵向研究，考察痛经、身体功能与孤独感之间的关联。
Br J Health Psychol. 2025 Sep;30(3):e12805. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12805.
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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its co-existence with depression, anxiety, and stress as risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among university students in Bangladesh: A single-site survey.经前烦躁障碍及其与抑郁、焦虑和压力并存作为孟加拉国大学生自杀意念和自杀未遂的危险因素：一项单中心调查。
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Physical activity level in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A cross-sectional observational study.原发性痛经女性的身体活动水平：一项横断面观察性研究。
Womens Health (Lond). 2025 Jan-Dec;21:17455057251323014. doi: 10.1177/17455057251323014. Epub 2025 Mar 27.
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Clinical association of body symptoms and primary dysmenorrhea among young and middle-aged women: an observational study.中青年女性身体症状与原发性痛经的临床关联：一项观察性研究。
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Efficacy and Safety of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Network Meta-Analysis.原发性痛经非药物治疗的疗效与安全性：一项网状Meta分析
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本文引用的文献

1
WITHDRAWN: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis.撤回：用于治疗子宫内膜异位症相关疼痛的促性腺激素释放激素类似物。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;1999(2):CD000346. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000346.pub2.
2
Surgical interruption of pelvic nerve pathways for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea.针对原发性和继发性痛经的盆腔神经通路手术阻断
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;2005(4):CD001896. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001896.pub2.
3
Continuous, low-level, topical heat wrap therapy as compared to acetaminophen for primary dysmenorrhea.与对乙酰氨基酚相比，连续、低水平、局部热敷疗法治疗原发性痛经的效果。
J Reprod Med. 2004 Sep;49(9):739-45.
4
The natural history of primary dysmenorrhoea: a longitudinal study.原发性痛经的自然病程：一项纵向研究。
BJOG. 2004 Apr;111(4):345-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00090.x.
5
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for primary dysmenorrhoea.用于原发性痛经的非甾体抗炎药。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003(4):CD001751. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001751.
6
Comparison of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device versus expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis: a pilot study.左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器与症状性子宫内膜异位症保守性手术后期待治疗的比较：一项试点研究。
Fertil Steril. 2003 Aug;80(2):305-9. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00608-3.
7
Acceptability of the long-term contraceptive levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena): a 3-year follow-up study.长效左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统（曼月乐）的可接受性：一项为期3年的随访研究。
Contraception. 2003 Feb;67(2):87-91. doi: 10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00482-1.
8
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea.经皮电刺激神经疗法与针灸治疗原发性痛经
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;2002(1):CD002123. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002123.
9
Combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) as treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea.复方口服避孕药（OCP）用于治疗原发性痛经。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001(4):CD002120. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002120.
10
Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea.脊柱推拿治疗原发性和继发性痛经。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001(4):CD002119. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002119.

Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea.

作者信息

Proctor Michelle, Farquhar Cynthia

机构信息

Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

出版信息

BMJ. 2006 May 13;332(7550):1134-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7550.1134.

DOI:10.1136/bmj.332.7550.1134
PMID:16690671
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1459624/
Abstract
摘要