Devries Michaela C, Hamadeh Mazen J, Phillips Stuart M, Tarnopolsky Mark A
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Oct;291(4):R1120-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00700.2005. Epub 2006 May 11.
Numerous studies from our and other laboratories have shown that women have a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise than equally trained men, indicating a greater reliance on fat oxidation. Differences in estrogen concentration between men and women likely play a role in this sex difference. Differing estrogen and progesterone concentrations during the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases of the female menstrual cycle suggest that fuel use may also vary between phases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycle phase and sex upon glucose turnover and muscle glycogen utilization during endurance exercise. Healthy, recreationally active young women (n = 13) and men (n = 11) underwent a primed constant infusion of [6,6-2H]glucose with muscle biopsies taken before and after a 90-min cycling bout at 65% peak O2 consumption. LP women had lower glucose rate of appearance (Ra, P = 0.03), rate of disappearance (Rd, P = 0.03), and metabolic clearance rate (MCR, P = 0.04) at 90 min of exercise and lower proglycogen (P = 0.04), macroglycogen (P = 0.04), and total glycogen (P = 0.02) utilization during exercise compared with FP women. Men had a higher RER (P = 0.02), glucose Ra (P = 0.03), Rd (P = 0.03), and MCR (P = 0.01) during exercise compared with FP women, and men had a higher RER at 75 and 90 min of exercise (P = 0.04), glucose Ra (P = 0.01), Rd (P = 0.01), and MCR (P = 0.001) and a greater PG utilization (P = 0.05) compared with LP women. We conclude that sex, and to a lesser extent menstrual cycle, influence glucose turnover and glycogen utilization during moderate-intensity endurance exercise.
我们实验室和其他实验室的大量研究表明，在运动过程中，女性的呼吸交换率（RER）低于训练水平相当的男性，这表明女性对脂肪氧化的依赖程度更高。男性和女性之间雌激素浓度的差异可能是造成这种性别差异的原因之一。女性月经周期中卵泡期（FP）和黄体期（LP）雌激素和孕激素浓度的不同表明，不同阶段的能量利用情况可能也有所不同。本研究的目的是确定月经周期阶段和性别对耐力运动期间葡萄糖周转率和肌肉糖原利用的影响。健康、有运动习惯的年轻女性（n = 13）和男性（n = 11）接受了[6,6-2H]葡萄糖的初始恒速输注，并在以65%峰值耗氧量进行90分钟自行车运动前后进行了肌肉活检。与卵泡期女性相比，黄体期女性在运动90分钟时的葡萄糖出现率（Ra，P = 0.03）、消失率（Rd，P = 0.03）和代谢清除率（MCR，P = 0.04）较低，且运动期间糖原前体（P = 0.04）、大糖原（P = 0.04）和总糖原（P = 0.02）的利用率较低。与卵泡期女性相比，男性在运动期间的呼吸交换率更高（P = 0.02），葡萄糖出现率（P = 0.03）、消失率（P = 0.03）和代谢清除率更高（P = 0.01），并且在运动75分钟和90分钟时，男性的呼吸交换率更高（P = 0.04），葡萄糖出现率（P = 0.01）、消失率（P = 0.01）和代谢清除率更高（P = 0.001），糖原前体利用率更高（P = 0.05）。我们得出结论，性别以及在较小程度上月经周期会影响中等强度耐力运动期间的葡萄糖周转率和糖原利用。
