Axsom Jessie, Arany Zolt
Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Physiology (Bethesda). 2025 Aug 5. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2025.
Aerobic exercise is arguably the most metabolically demanding challenge imposed on the human body. The metabolic adaptations to exercise are complex, involving most tissues, and differing substantially depending on the type, severity, and duration of exercise, as well as extent of prior training. Studies of these metabolic responses have been ongoing for decades, including the active NIH-supported consortium MotrPAC. Most studies have been carried out in model organisms, generally rodents or dogs. However, the metabolism of these model organisms substantially differs from humans. We therefore review here what is known specifically of human metabolism during exercise. For the sake of brevity, we focus on aerobic exercise, without extensive prior training. We review methods used to reach conclusions, highlight the many remaining unknowns, and discuss questions requiring future experimental attention.
有氧运动可以说是对人体代谢要求最高的挑战。运动引起的代谢适应是复杂的，涉及大多数组织，并且根据运动的类型、强度、持续时间以及先前训练的程度而有很大差异。对这些代谢反应的研究已经进行了几十年，包括美国国立卫生研究院积极支持的MotrPAC联盟。大多数研究是在模式生物中进行的，通常是啮齿动物或狗。然而，这些模式生物的代谢与人类有很大不同。因此，我们在此回顾一下运动期间人类代谢的具体情况。为了简洁起见，我们专注于有氧运动，且没有大量的前期训练。我们回顾了用于得出结论的方法，强调了许多仍然未知的因素，并讨论了需要未来实验关注的问题。
