Villela Izabel Vianna, de Oliveira Iuri Marques, da Silva Juliana, Henriques João Antonio Pêgas
GENOTOX/Centro de Biotecnologia/PPG em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Prédio 43421, Campus do Vale, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Mutat Res. 2006 Jun 16;605(1-2):78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.02.006. Epub 2006 May 11.
The development of methodologies for biomonitoring freshwater ecosystems is of particular relevance in view of the serious problem of aquatic environmental pollution. The mussel species Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) was chosen to be tested as a biomonitor organism based on its population data and distribution. L. fortunei individuals were exposed to UV radiation in vitro, and in vivo to pentachlorophenol (PCP) and copper sulphate (CuSO(4)), with the aim of standardizing comet assay and micronucleus test methodologies and evaluating the potential of this organism as a biomonitor. Haemolymph cells immobilized in agarose on slides exposed to UV radiation showed a dose-response relationship with maximum damage at 4.2 J/m(2). For the chemical tests, individuals were exposed for 2h for the comet assay and 24 and 48 h for the micronucleus test. A dose-response relationship was observed for both chemicals. 3x10(-5) M CuSO(4) induced high genotoxicity, also producing some toxicity after 48 h of exposure. PCP induced maximum damage in both assays at 150 μg/L. Individuals exposed to PCP showed 100% repair 2 h after the exposure period, as assessed by the comet assay. Exposure to an environmental sample over 7 days confirmed the mussel sensitivity to water contaminants, detected both by the comet assay and the micronucleus test. The results allow us to suggest the golden mussel as a potential biomonitor organism.
鉴于水生环境污染这一严重问题，开发用于生物监测淡水生态系统的方法具有特别重要的意义。基于福寿螺（金贻贝）的种群数据和分布情况，选择该贻贝物种作为生物监测生物体进行测试。将福寿螺个体在体外暴露于紫外线辐射，并在体内暴露于五氯苯酚（PCP）和硫酸铜（CuSO₄），目的是标准化彗星试验和微核试验方法，并评估该生物体作为生物监测器的潜力。固定在琼脂糖上并暴露于紫外线辐射的载玻片上的血淋巴细胞显示出剂量反应关系，在4.2 J/m²时损伤最大。对于化学测试，个体在彗星试验中暴露2小时，在微核试验中暴露24小时和48小时。两种化学物质均观察到剂量反应关系。3×10⁻⁵ M CuSO₄诱导了高遗传毒性，在暴露48小时后也产生了一些毒性。PCP在150 μg/L时在两种试验中均诱导了最大损伤。通过彗星试验评估，暴露于PCP的个体在暴露期后2小时显示100%修复。在7天内暴露于环境样品证实了贻贝对水污染物的敏感性，这通过彗星试验和微核试验均能检测到。这些结果使我们能够建议将金贻贝作为一种潜在的生物监测生物体。
