Rueffler Claus, Van Dooren Tom J M, Leimar Olof, Abrams Peter A
Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G5.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2006 May;21(5):238-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.03.003. Epub 2006 Mar 24.
Disruptive selection occurs when extreme phenotypes have a fitness advantage over more intermediate phenotypes. The phenomenon is particularly interesting when selection keeps a population in a disruptive regime. This can lead to increased phenotypic variation while disruptive selection itself is diminished or eliminated. Here, we review processes that increase phenotypic variation in response to disruptive selection and discuss some of the possible outcomes, such as sympatric species pairs, sexual dimorphisms, phenotypic plasticity and altered community assemblages. We also identify factors influencing the likelihoods of these different outcomes.
当极端表型比更中间的表型具有适应性优势时，就会发生间断性选择。当选择使种群处于间断性状态时，这种现象特别有趣。这可能导致表型变异增加，而间断性选择本身则会减弱或消除。在这里，我们回顾了因间断性选择而增加表型变异的过程，并讨论了一些可能的结果，如同域物种对、两性异形、表型可塑性和群落组合的改变。我们还确定了影响这些不同结果可能性的因素。
