Bruce K J, Karr-Lilienthal L K, Zinn K E, Pope L L, Mahan D C, Fastinger N D, Watts M, Utterback P L, Parsons C M, Castaneda E O, Ellis M, Fahey G C
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2006 Jun;84(6):1403-14. doi: 10.2527/2006.8461403x.
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of selected soybean (SB) processing byproducts (gums, oil, soapstock, weeds/trash) when added back to soybean meal (SBM) during processing on the resulting nutrient composition, protein quality, nutrient digestibility by swine, and true metabolizable energy (TMEn) content and standardized AA digestibility by poultry. To measure ileal DM and nutrient digestibility, pigs were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. The concentration of TMEn and the standardized AA digestibility by poultry were determined using the precision fed cecectomized rooster assay. Treatments in the swine experiment included SBM with no by-products; SBM with 1% gum; SBM with 3% gum; SBM with 0.5% soapstock; SBM with 1.5% soapstock; SBM with 2% weeds/trash; SBM with a combination of 3% gum, 1.5% soapstock, and 2% weeds/trash; SBM with 5.4% soybean oil; and roasted SB. A 10 x 10 Latin square design was utilized. The experiment was conducted at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and at The Ohio State University, Columbus. In the swine experiment, apparent ileal DM, OM, CP, and AA digestibilities were reduced (P < 0.05) when pigs consumed the combination by-product diet compared with the diet containing no by-products. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, CP, and total essential, total nonessential, and total AA were lower (P < 0.05) for any diet containing by-products compared with the diet with no by-products. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and AA were lower (P < 0.05) for the roasted SB-compared with the SB oil-containing diet. In the rooster experiment, TMEn values were greater (P < 0.05) for roasted SB compared with SBM with no by-products and increased linearly as the addition of soapstock increased. Individual, total essential, total nonessential, and total AA digestibilities were lower (P < 0.05) for roosters fed roasted SB versus SBM devoid of by-products. Gums, soapstock, and weeds/trash reduce the nutritive value of the resultant meal when they are added back during processing.
本试验旨在评估特定大豆（SB）加工副产物（胶、油、皂脚、杂草/杂质）在加工过程中回添到豆粕（SBM）中时，对所得营养成分、蛋白质品质、猪的养分消化率、真代谢能（TMEn）含量以及家禽的标准化氨基酸消化率的影响。为测定回肠干物质和养分消化率，给猪进行手术，在回肠末端安装T形套管。使用精确饲喂的切除盲肠公鸡试验来测定家禽的TMEn浓度和标准化氨基酸消化率。猪试验的处理包括不含副产物的SBM；含1%胶的SBM；含3%胶的SBM；含0.5%皂脚的SBM；含1.5%皂脚的SBM；含2%杂草/杂质的SBM；含3%胶、1.5%皂脚和2%杂草/杂质混合物的SBM；含5.4%大豆油的SBM；以及烤大豆。采用10×10拉丁方设计。试验在伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳 - 香槟分校和俄亥俄州立大学哥伦布分校进行。在猪试验中，与不含副产物的日粮相比，猪采食复合副产物日粮时，回肠表观干物质、有机物、粗蛋白和氨基酸消化率降低（P<0.05）。与不含副产物的日粮相比，任何含副产物的日粮的回肠表观干物质、粗蛋白以及总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸消化率均较低（P<0.05）。与含大豆油的日粮相比，烤大豆的回肠表观干物质、有机物、粗蛋白和氨基酸消化率较低（P<0.05）。在公鸡试验中，与不含副产物的SBM相比，烤大豆的TMEn值更高（P<0.05），并且随着皂脚添加量的增加呈线性增加。与采食不含副产物的SBM的公鸡相比，采食烤大豆的公鸡的单个、总必需、总非必需和总氨基酸消化率较低（P<0.05）。胶、皂脚和杂草/杂质在加工过程中回添时会降低所得粕类的营养价值。
