Kierończyk Bartosz, Rawski Mateusz, Mikołajczak Zuzanna, Homska Natalia, Jankowski Jan, Ognik Katarzyna, Józefiak Agata, Mazurkiewicz Jan, Józefiak Damian
Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Anim Nutr. 2022 Jul 14;11:60-79. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.015. eCollection 2022 Dec.
The aim of this review is to present and discuss the most recent literature about the processing of insect biomass and its impact on nutritive value, further implementation of meals and fats derived from invertebrates to livestock (poultry and swine), aquaculture (salmonids), and companion animal diets and their impact on growth performance, metabolic response, and gastrointestinal microbiota shifts. Additionally, the most important barriers to obtaining unified products in terms of their nutritive value are considered, i.e., to define insects' nutrient requirements, including various technological groups and further biomass processing (slaughtering, drying, and storage). Due to the current limitation in the insect production process consisting of the lack of infrastructure, there is stress on the relatively small amount of insect products added to the animal diets as a functional feed additive. Currently, only in the case of pet nutrition may insects be considered a full replacement for commonly used environmentally harmful and allergenic products. Simultaneously, the least information has been published on this topic. Thus, more scientific data are needed, particularly when the pet food branch and insect-based diets are rapidly growing.
本综述的目的是展示和讨论关于昆虫生物质加工及其对营养价值的影响的最新文献，以及将源自无脊椎动物的饲料和脂肪进一步应用于家畜（家禽和猪）、水产养殖（鲑科鱼类）和伴侣动物日粮的情况，及其对生长性能、代谢反应和胃肠道微生物群变化的影响。此外，还考虑了在获得营养价值统一的产品方面最重要的障碍，即确定昆虫的营养需求，包括不同的技术类别以及进一步的生物质加工（屠宰、干燥和储存）。由于目前昆虫生产过程中存在基础设施不足的限制，作为功能性饲料添加剂添加到家畜日粮中的昆虫产品数量相对较少。目前，仅在宠物营养方面，昆虫可被视为常用的对环境有害且易引发过敏的产品的完全替代品。同时，关于这一主题发表的信息最少。因此，需要更多的科学数据，尤其是在宠物食品行业和以昆虫为基础的日粮迅速发展的情况下。
