Fernández-Juricic Esteban, Erichsen Jonathan T, Kacelnik Alex
Department of Biological Sciences, California State University--Long Beach, Peterson Hall 1-109, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Jan;19(1):25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.003.
Birds gather information about their environment mainly through vision by scanning their surroundings. Many prevalent models of social foraging assume that foraging and scanning are mutually exclusive. Although this assumption is valid for birds with narrow visual fields, these models have also been applied to species with wide fields. In fact, available models do not make precise predictions for birds with large visual fields, in which the head-up, head-down dichotomy is not accurate and, moreover, do not consider the effects of detection distance and limited attention. Studies of how different types of visual information are acquired as a function of body posture and of how information flows within flocks offer new insights into the costs and benefits of living in groups.
鸟类主要通过扫视周围环境，依靠视觉来收集有关其环境的信息。许多流行的社会觅食模型假定觅食和扫视是相互排斥的。尽管这一假设对于视野狭窄的鸟类是有效的，但这些模型也被应用于视野宽广的物种。事实上，现有的模型并不能对视野广阔的鸟类做出精确预测，在这类鸟类中，抬头和低头的二分法并不准确，而且这些模型没有考虑探测距离和注意力有限的影响。关于不同类型的视觉信息如何根据身体姿势获取，以及信息如何在鸟群中流动的研究，为群居生活的成本和收益提供了新的见解。
