Ostfeld Richard S, Glass Gregory E, Keesing Felicia
Institute of Ecosystem Studies, PO Box AB, 65 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Jun;20(6):328-36. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.03.009.
Spatial epidemiology is the study of spatial variation in disease risk or incidence. Several ecological processes can result in strong spatial patterns of such risk or incidence: for example, pathogen dispersal might be highly localized, vectors or reservoirs for pathogens might be spatially restricted, or susceptible hosts might be clumped. Here, we briefly describe approaches to spatial epidemiology that are spatially implicit, such as metapopulation models of disease transmission, and then focus on research in spatial epidemiology that is spatially explicit, such as the creation of risk maps for particular geographical areas. Although the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases are the subject of intensive study, the impacts of landscape structure on epidemiological processes have so far been neglected. The few studies that demonstrate how landscape composition (types of elements) and configuration (spatial positions of those elements) influence disease risk or incidence suggest that a true integration of landscape ecology with epidemiology will be fruitful.
空间流行病学是对疾病风险或发病率的空间变异进行的研究。若干生态过程会导致此类风险或发病率出现强烈的空间格局：例如，病原体传播可能高度局限于局部地区，病原体的媒介或宿主可能在空间上受到限制，或者易感宿主可能聚集在一起。在此，我们简要描述空间流行病学中隐含空间因素的方法，如疾病传播的集合种群模型，然后重点关注空间流行病学中明确考虑空间因素的研究，如为特定地理区域创建风险地图。尽管传染病的空间动态是深入研究的主题，但景观结构对流行病学过程的影响迄今一直被忽视。少数研究表明了景观组成（元素类型）和配置（这些元素的空间位置）如何影响疾病风险或发病率，这表明将景观生态学与流行病学真正结合起来将会卓有成效。
