Barnhart Michelle M, Chapman Matthew R
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2006;60:131-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142106.
Curli are the major proteinaceous component of a complex extracellular matrix produced by many Enterobacteriaceae. Curli were first discovered in the late 1980s on Escherichia coli strains that caused bovine mastitis, and have since been implicated in many physiological and pathogenic processes of E. coli and Salmonella spp. Curli fibers are involved in adhesion to surfaces, cell aggregation, and biofilm formation. Curli also mediate host cell adhesion and invasion, and they are potent inducers of the host inflammatory response. The structure and biogenesis of curli are unique among bacterial fibers that have been described to date. Structurally and biochemically, curli belong to a growing class of fibers known as amyloids. Amyloid fiber formation is responsible for several human diseases including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and prion diseases, although the process of in vivo amyloid formation is not well understood. Curli provide a unique system to study macromolecular assembly in bacteria and in vivo amyloid fiber formation. Here, we review curli biogenesis, regulation, role in biofilm formation, and role in pathogenesis.
卷曲菌毛是许多肠杆菌科细菌产生的复杂细胞外基质的主要蛋白质成分。卷曲菌毛于20世纪80年代末在引起牛乳腺炎的大肠杆菌菌株中首次被发现，此后被认为与大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌属的许多生理和致病过程有关。卷曲菌毛纤维参与表面黏附、细胞聚集和生物膜形成。卷曲菌毛还介导宿主细胞黏附和侵袭，并且是宿主炎症反应的强效诱导剂。卷曲菌毛的结构和生物合成在迄今已描述的细菌纤维中是独特的。在结构和生化方面，卷曲菌毛属于一类不断增加的被称为淀粉样蛋白的纤维。淀粉样纤维的形成与包括阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病和朊病毒病在内的几种人类疾病有关，尽管体内淀粉样蛋白形成的过程尚未完全了解。卷曲菌毛为研究细菌中的大分子组装和体内淀粉样纤维形成提供了一个独特的系统。在此，我们综述卷曲菌毛的生物合成、调控、在生物膜形成中的作用以及在发病机制中的作用。
