Wall Judy D, Krumholz Lee R
Biochemistry and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2006;60:149-66. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121357.
The dramatic decrease in solubility accompanying the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), producing the insoluble mineral uraninite, has been viewed as a potential mechanism for sequestration of environmental uranium contamination. In the past 15 years, it has been firmly established that a variety of bacteria exhibit this reductive capacity. To obtain an understanding of the microbial metal metabolism, to develop a practical approach for the acceleration of in situ bioreduction, and to predict the long-term fate of environmental uranium, several aspects of the microbial process have been experimentally explored. This review briefly addresses the research to identify specific uranium reductases and their cellular location, competition between uranium and other electron acceptors, attempts to stimulate in situ reduction, and mechanisms of reoxidation of reduced uranium minerals.
随着U(VI)还原为U(IV)，溶解度急剧下降，生成不溶性矿物沥青铀矿，这被视为一种潜在的隔离环境铀污染的机制。在过去15年里，已经确定多种细菌具有这种还原能力。为了了解微生物的金属代谢，开发一种加速原位生物还原的实用方法，并预测环境铀的长期归宿，已对微生物过程的几个方面进行了实验探索。本文简要介绍了相关研究，包括确定特定的铀还原酶及其细胞定位、铀与其他电子受体之间的竞争、刺激原位还原的尝试以及还原态铀矿物的再氧化机制。
