Miller W Allen, White K Andrew
Plant Pathology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:447-67. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143353.
The vast majority of plant and animal viruses have RNA genomes. Viral gene expression and replication are controlled by cis-acting elements in the viral genome, which have been viewed conventionally as localized structures. However, recent research has altered this perception and provided compelling evidence for cooperative activity involving distantly positioned RNA elements. This chapter focuses on viral RNA elements that interact across hundreds or thousands of intervening nucleotides to control translation, genomic RNA synthesis, and subgenomic mRNA transcription. We discuss evidence supporting the existence and function of the interactions, and speculate on the regulatory roles that such long-distance interactions play in the virus life cycle. We emphasize viruses in the Tombusviridae and Luteoviridae families in which long-distance interactions are best characterized, but similar phenomena in other viruses are also discussed. Many more examples likely remain undiscovered.
绝大多数植物和动物病毒都具有RNA基因组。病毒基因的表达和复制由病毒基因组中的顺式作用元件控制，这些元件传统上被视为局部结构。然而，最近的研究改变了这种看法，并为涉及远距离定位的RNA元件的协同活性提供了令人信服的证据。本章重点关注病毒RNA元件，这些元件跨越数百或数千个间隔核苷酸相互作用，以控制翻译、基因组RNA合成和亚基因组mRNA转录。我们讨论了支持这些相互作用存在和功能的证据，并推测这种长距离相互作用在病毒生命周期中所起的调节作用。我们重点讨论番茄丛矮病毒科和黄症病毒科中长距离相互作用特征最为明显的病毒，但也讨论了其他病毒中的类似现象。可能还有更多例子尚未被发现。
