Hughes John R, Helzer John E, Lindberg Sarah A
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, Burlington, VT 05401-1419, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Nov 8;85(2):91-102. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.04.004. Epub 2006 May 15.
We conducted a qualitative review to estimate for adults (1) the lifetime and current prevalence of DSM/ICD-defined nicotine dependence and (2) the prevalence of individual DSM/ICD dependence criteria. Systematic computer searches and other methods located eleven population-based surveys of adults (>or=18 year olds) and two of young adults (18-30 year olds). In the USA and Germany, about 25% of adults had been dependent on nicotine in their lifetime, including 15% who were currently dependent. Similar or higher rates were seen in Asian men but <5% of Asian women had been dependent. About a third of ever-smokers and half of current smokers either had been or were currently dependent on nicotine and this did not consistently differ by age, country or sex. Impaired control over tobacco use was the most commonly endorsed criteria and giving up activities to use and spending lots of time with nicotine were the least commonly endorsed. Nicotine dependence is one of the most common mental disorders; however, about half of current smokers do not meet DSM/ICD dependence criterion.
我们进行了一项定性综述，以估算成年人中：（1）DSM/ICD定义的尼古丁依赖的终生患病率和当前患病率；（2）个体DSM/ICD依赖标准的患病率。通过系统的计算机检索及其他方法，找到了11项针对成年人（≥18岁）的基于人群的调查，以及2项针对年轻人（18 - 30岁）的调查。在美国和德国，约25%的成年人终生曾对尼古丁产生依赖，其中15%目前仍有依赖。亚洲男性的患病率与之相似或更高，但只有不到5%的亚洲女性曾有过尼古丁依赖。约三分之一的既往吸烟者和一半的当前吸烟者曾对或目前仍对尼古丁产生依赖，且这一比例在年龄、国家或性别上并无一致差异。对烟草使用的控制受损是最常被认可的标准，而放弃其他活动以使用烟草以及花费大量时间在尼古丁上则是最不常被认可的标准。尼古丁依赖是最常见的精神障碍之一；然而，约一半的当前吸烟者不符合DSM/ICD的依赖标准。
