Gelazonia L, Japaridze N, Maglakelidze G, Svanidze I
Institute of Physiology Georgian Academy of Science, Tbilisi.
Georgian Med News. 2006 Apr(133):99-101.
In the last years, implementation of the volatile solvents in order to get a narcotic high, used via inhalation (sniffing), increased significantly, especially in the youth. Substances containing these agents induce hallucinations and euphoric state. In the present study the influences of toluene intoxication on quantity of the mitral and granular cells in olfactory bulbs was analyzed in young and adult rats. An inhalation route of intoxication was used in our experiments - animal inhaled toluene until attaining a sidewise laying position. This procedure was performed in the closed glass container, in which air was beforehand saturated with the toluene vapours. Experiments was carried out on two age groups (n=20 animals): one - and two months age rats. Inhalation period was 40 days. Each age group consisted of ten animals and was divided into the two subgroups: I - control animals (n=5), II - experimental animals (n=5). Assessment of the neurons' quantity in different structures was made according to the fractional approach method proposed by M. West (1999). The results obtained showed that number of mitral neurons in the olfactory bulb of the Subgroup II of the rats, sniffing since the age of one and two months, significantly decreased by 43% (p<0,05) and by 28% (p<0,01), respectively. Meanwhile, the granular cells remained unaltered in experimental animals of both age groups. Decrease of the projection mitral neurons, in its turn, results in disruption of the projections to olfactory cortex and hampers proper functioning of the olfactory analyzer.
在过去几年中，为了通过吸入（嗅吸）获得麻醉性快感而使用挥发性溶剂的情况显著增加，尤其是在年轻人中。含有这些物质的制剂会引发幻觉和欣快感。在本研究中，分析了甲苯中毒对幼年和成年大鼠嗅球中二尖瓣细胞和颗粒细胞数量的影响。我们的实验采用吸入中毒途径——动物吸入甲苯直至侧卧。此过程在封闭的玻璃容器中进行，其中空气预先用甲苯蒸汽饱和。实验在两个年龄组（每组n = 20只动物）上进行：1个月龄和2个月龄的大鼠。吸入期为40天。每个年龄组由10只动物组成，并分为两个亚组：I组——对照动物（n = 5），II组——实验动物（n = 5）。根据M. West（1999）提出的分数法评估不同结构中神经元的数量。所得结果表明，从1个月龄和2个月龄开始嗅吸甲苯的大鼠II亚组嗅球中二尖瓣神经元的数量分别显著减少了43%（p < 0.05）和28%（p < 0.01）。同时，两个年龄组的实验动物中的颗粒细胞均未改变。投射性二尖瓣神经元的减少进而导致向嗅皮层投射的中断，并妨碍嗅觉分析器的正常功能。
