Skott Martin, Andreassen Troels T, Ulrich-Vinther Michael, Chen X, Keyler Dan E, LeSage Mark G, Pentel Paul R, Bechtold Joan E, Soballe Kjeld
Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, Building 1A, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
J Orthop Res. 2006 Jul;24(7):1472-9. doi: 10.1002/jor.20187.
The influence of nicotine and tobacco extract (without nicotine) alone and in combination on and mechanical strength of closed femoral fractures in rats was investigated. One hundred four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups receiving: nicotine, tobacco extract, tobacco extract plus nicotine, and saline. One week prior to fracture, osmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously in all animals to administer nicotine equivalent to the serum level of nicotine observed in a smoker consuming one to two packs of cigarettes daily. An equivalent volume of saline was administered to the control animals. Tobacco extract was administered orally. A closed transverse femoral diaphysial fracture was performed, and stabilized with an intramedullary pin. The fractures were mechanically tested after 21 days of healing. Tobacco extract alone decreased the mechanical strength. Ultimate torque and torque at yield point of the tobacco extract group were decreased by 21% (p=0.010) and 23% (p=0.056), respectively, compared with the vehicle (saline) group, and by 20% (p=0.023) and 26% (p=0.004), respectively, compared with the nicotine group. No difference was found between the tobacco extract and tobacco extract plus nicotine groups. An 18% (p=0.013) reduction in torque at yield point was observed in the tobacco extract plus nicotine group compared with the nicotine group. No differences in ultimate stiffness, energy absorption, and callus bone mineral content at the fracture line were found between any of the groups. Serum levels of nicotine were between 40-50 ng/mL in the group given nicotine alone and the group given tobacco extract plus nicotine (equivalent to serum levels observed in persons smoking one to two packs of cigarettes per day).
研究了尼古丁和烟草提取物（不含尼古丁）单独及联合使用对大鼠闭合性股骨骨折力学强度的影响。104只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠被分为四组，分别接受：尼古丁、烟草提取物、烟草提取物加尼古丁和生理盐水。在骨折前一周，所有动物皮下植入渗透泵，以给予相当于每天吸食1至2包香烟的吸烟者体内观察到的血清尼古丁水平的尼古丁。对照组动物给予等量体积的生理盐水。烟草提取物通过口服给药。进行闭合性股骨骨干横形骨折，并用髓内针固定。骨折愈合21天后进行力学测试。单独使用烟草提取物会降低力学强度。与载体（生理盐水）组相比，烟草提取物组的极限扭矩和屈服点扭矩分别降低了21%（p = 0.010）和23%（p = 0.056），与尼古丁组相比分别降低了20%（p = 0.023）和26%（p = 0.004）。烟草提取物组和烟草提取物加尼古丁组之间未发现差异。与尼古丁组相比，烟草提取物加尼古丁组的屈服点扭矩降低了18%（p = 0.013）。在任何组之间，骨折线处的极限刚度、能量吸收和骨痂骨矿物质含量均未发现差异。单独给予尼古丁组和给予烟草提取物加尼古丁组（相当于每天吸食1至2包香烟的人观察到的血清水平）的血清尼古丁水平在40 - 50 ng/mL之间。
