Esposito Massimiliano, Mukamel Shaul
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2006 Apr;73(4 Pt 2):046129. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.046129. Epub 2006 Apr 24.
A quantum fluctuation theorem for a driven quantum subsystem interacting with its environment is derived based solely on the assumption that its reduced density matrix obeys a closed evolution equation--i.e., a quantum master equation (QME). Quantum trajectories and their associated entropy, heat, and work appear naturally by transforming the QME to a time-dependent Liouville space basis that diagonalizes the instantaneous reduced density matrix of the subsystem. A quantum integral fluctuation theorem, a steady-state fluctuation theorem, and the Jarzynski relation are derived in a similar way as for classical stochastic dynamics.
基于驱动量子子系统与其环境相互作用时其约化密度矩阵服从封闭演化方程（即量子主方程，QME）这一假设，推导出了一个量子涨落定理。通过将QME变换到使子系统的瞬时约化密度矩阵对角化的含时刘维尔空间基，量子轨迹及其相关的熵、热和功自然出现。量子积分涨落定理、稳态涨落定理以及雅津斯基关系的推导方式与经典随机动力学类似。
