Hansen Trine Lund, Jansen Jes la Cour, Spliid Henrik, Davidsson Asa, Christensen Thomas H
Institute of Environment and Resources DTU, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Waste Manag. 2007;27(4):510-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.03.008. Epub 2006 May 19.
Source-sorted municipal organic waste from different dwelling types in five Danish cities was sampled during one year. The samples were from permanent, full-scale systems or temporary, experimental systems for collection of source-sorted municipal organic waste. Pre-treatment of the organic waste prior to biological treatment was used in all cities to remove foreign objects and provide size reduction. All sampling was performed after pre-treatment in order to obtain more homogeneous and representative samples. The sampling included both the pre-treated waste and the reject from the pre-treatment allowing for estimation of the composition of the original waste. A total of 40 waste samples were chemically characterised with respect to 15 parameters. The waste generally consisted of around 88% VS of which an average of 80% was easily degradable. The average content of N, P and K in the dry matter of the organic waste was 2.5%, 0.4% and 0.9%, respectively. A general analysis of variance was applied to show the influence of the collection system, dwelling type and annual season on the waste composition. The content of plastic and crude fibres in the waste differed the most among the samples, probably due to use of different bag types (plastic and paper) in the different collection systems. Variations in the ash content and the calorific value might be explained by differences in the sorting instructions (whether soil and cat litter are allowed in the organic fraction). Significant seasonal variations were seen for ash, S and Cl. Dwelling type showed no statistically significant influence on any waste components. A test for uniform distribution of the p-values from the analysis of variance (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) showed that the overall composition of the collected waste was strongly affected by the collection system (city) and season, while dwelling type had no significant influence.
在一年时间里，对丹麦五个城市不同居住类型的源头分类城市有机废物进行了采样。这些样本来自用于收集源头分类城市有机废物的永久性、全规模系统或临时性实验系统。所有城市在生物处理之前都对有机废物进行预处理，以去除异物并减小尺寸。所有采样均在预处理之后进行，以便获得更均匀且具代表性的样本。采样包括预处理后的废物以及预处理产生的废料，从而能够估算原始废物的成分。总共对40个废物样本的15个参数进行了化学表征。这些废物通常约含88%的挥发性固体，其中平均80%易于降解。有机废物干物质中氮、磷和钾的平均含量分别为2.5%、0.4%和0.9%。应用一般方差分析来显示收集系统、居住类型和年度季节对废物成分的影响。废物中塑料和粗纤维的含量在样本中差异最大，这可能是由于不同收集系统中使用了不同类型的袋子（塑料和纸质）。灰分含量和热值的变化可能由分类说明的差异（有机部分是否允许混入土壤和猫砂）来解释。灰分、硫和氯存在显著的季节性变化。居住类型对任何废物成分均未显示出统计学上的显著影响。方差分析（柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验）p值的均匀分布检验表明，所收集废物的总体成分受收集系统（城市）和季节的强烈影响，而居住类型没有显著影响。
