Castegnaro Marcel, Canadas Delphine, Vrabcheva Terry, Petkova-Bocharova Theodora, Chernozemsky Ivan N, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie
International Agency of Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 May;50(6):519-29. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200500182.
Several studies implicated mycotoxins, in endemic kidney disease geographically limited to Balkan region (Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN)). In Bulgaria, much higher prevalence of ochratoxin A (OTA), exceeding 2 microg/L, was observed in the blood of affected population. OTA is found more often in the urine of people living in BEN-endemic villages. To confirm and quantify exposure to OTA in Vratza district, we followed up OTA intake for 1 month, OTA in blood and urine from healthy (20-30 years old) volunteers, from two villages with high risk for BEN disease. Food samples were collected daily, blood and urine at the beginning of each week. Relations between increasing OTA intake, blood concentration and elimination of OTA in urine have been studied in rats. Average weekly intake of OTA varies from 1.9 to 206 ng/kg body weight, twice tolerable weekly intake recommended by JECFA. OTA blood concentrations are in the same range as previously reported in this region with concentrations reaching 10 microg/L. Weekly OTA food intake is not directly correlated with blood and urine concentrations. Biomarkers of biological effects such as DNA adducts were detected in patients affected by urinary tract tumours (UTT) and in rat study. All these plead for the implication of OTA, in BEN and UTT.
多项研究表明，霉菌毒素与地方性肾病有关，该病在地理上局限于巴尔干地区（巴尔干地方性肾病，BEN）。在保加利亚，受影响人群血液中赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的患病率要高得多，超过2微克/升。在生活于BEN流行村庄的人群尿液中更常发现OTA。为了确认并量化弗拉察地区人群对OTA的接触情况，我们对来自两个BEN疾病高风险村庄的健康（20至30岁）志愿者的OTA摄入量进行了为期1个月的跟踪调查，检测了他们血液和尿液中的OTA。每天采集食物样本，每周初采集血液和尿液样本。在大鼠中研究了OTA摄入量增加、血液浓度与尿液中OTA消除之间的关系。OTA的平均每周摄入量在1.9至206纳克/千克体重之间，是食品添加剂联合专家委员会建议的每周可耐受摄入量的两倍。OTA血液浓度与该地区此前报告的浓度范围相同，浓度可达10微克/升。每周的OTA食物摄入量与血液和尿液浓度无直接关联。在受尿路肿瘤（UTT）影响的患者以及大鼠研究中检测到了DNA加合物等生物效应生物标志物。所有这些都表明OTA与BEN和UTT有关。
