Lovelady Cheryl A, Stephenson Kimberly G, Kuppler Kerri M, Williams John P
Department of Nutrition, PO Box 26170, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Jun;106(6):908-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.03.007.
The purpose of this report was to identify and evaluate dietary changes in women who were participating in a study on the effects of weight loss in overweight lactating women on the growth of their infants. Women were randomly assigned at 4 weeks postpartum to either restrict energy intake by 500 kcal/day (diet and exercise group) or to maintain usual dietary intake (control group) for 10 weeks. The diet and exercise group significantly decreased fats, sweetened drinks, sweets and desserts, snack foods, and energy intake. Micronutrient intake decreased in the diet and exercise group; however, mean intakes were not significantly different from those of the control group except for calcium and vitamin D. Both groups consumed less than 76% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamins E and C at the end of the study. Mean intake of all other nutrients was adequate in both groups. These results suggest that overweight lactating women can restrict their energy intake by 500 kcal per day by decreasing consumption of foods high in fat and simple sugars. However, they must be advised to increase their intakes of foods high in calcium and vitamin D. Increased intake of fruits and vegetables should also be recommended to all lactating women, as well as multivitamin and calcium supplements to those who do not consume adequate amounts of these foods.
本报告的目的是确定并评估参与一项关于超重哺乳期妇女减肥对其婴儿生长影响研究的女性的饮食变化。女性在产后4周被随机分配，一组每天限制能量摄入500千卡（饮食和运动组），另一组维持正常饮食摄入（对照组），为期10周。饮食和运动组显著减少了脂肪、甜味饮料、糖果和甜点、休闲食品以及能量摄入。饮食和运动组的微量营养素摄入量有所下降；然而，除了钙和维生素D外，平均摄入量与对照组相比无显著差异。在研究结束时，两组维生素E和维生素C的摄入量均低于推荐膳食摄入量的76%。两组所有其他营养素的平均摄入量均充足。这些结果表明，超重哺乳期妇女可通过减少高脂肪和高单糖食物的摄入，每天限制能量摄入500千卡。然而，必须建议她们增加钙和维生素D含量高的食物的摄入量。还应建议所有哺乳期妇女增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量，对于未摄入足够此类食物的妇女，建议补充多种维生素和钙。
