Mardani Mahnaz, Abbasnezhad Amir, Ebrahimzadeh Farzad, Roosta Sajjad, Rezapour Maryam, Choghakhori Razieh
Nutritional Health Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2020 Jan;8(1):73-83. doi: 10.30476/IJCBNM.2019.73924.0.
During the lactation period, mothers are at an increased risk of nutritional deficiencies due to improper dietary patterns, physiological changes, and various socio-demographic factors. The present study aimed to examine the nutritional status, dietary intake, and related factors among lactating women in the urban and rural areas of Khorramabad, Lorestan province in the southwest of Iran.
The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Khorramabad (Iran) during April-July 2012. The study population included 708 lactating mothers who were referred to the health centers in Khorramabad (10 urban health centers and 30 rural health/community centers). A multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit the participants. The nutritional status and food intake of the participants were assessed over three days using the 24-hour dietary recall (24HDR) and dietary record (DR) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16.0) with the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired t test, independent t test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the mothers were 29.78±6.24 years and 26.11±3.70 kg/m, respectively. There was a significant difference in calorie intake between the different categories of age, BMI, education level, job status (P<0.001) and lactation stage (P=0.034). The energy and nutrient intakes, except iron and phosphor, were statistically lower (P<0.05) than the prescribed Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The intake of vitamins K, B1, B2, B3, and C; protein, magnesium, phosphor, zinc, copper, and iodine by mothers in the rural areas was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in the rural areas. Higher intakes of energy and macronutrients by the lactating mothers had a significant negative correlation with an increase in age and had a significant positive correlation with a higher BMI (P<0.001).
Lactating women in the urban and rural areas of Khorramabad (Iran) had a poor nutritional status. Nutrition education and a modified dietary pattern during the lactation period are recommended.
在哺乳期，由于饮食习惯不当、生理变化以及各种社会人口因素，母亲面临营养缺乏的风险增加。本研究旨在调查伊朗西南部洛雷斯坦省霍拉马巴德城乡地区哺乳期妇女的营养状况、饮食摄入及相关因素。
本基于人群的横断面研究于2012年4月至7月在霍拉马巴德（伊朗）进行。研究人群包括708名到霍拉马巴德健康中心就诊的哺乳期母亲（10个城市健康中心和30个农村健康/社区中心）。采用多阶段抽样方法招募参与者。使用24小时膳食回顾（24HDR）和膳食记录（DR）问卷对参与者的营养状况和食物摄入进行为期三天的评估。数据使用SPSS软件（版本16.0）进行分析，采用卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验、配对t检验、独立t检验和皮尔逊相关系数。P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
母亲的平均年龄和体重指数（BMI）分别为29.78±6.24岁和26.11±3.70kg/m²。不同年龄、BMI、教育水平、工作状态类别（P<0.001）和哺乳阶段（P=0.034）的热量摄入存在显著差异。除铁和磷外，能量和营养素摄入量在统计学上低于规定的推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）（P<0.05）。农村地区母亲的维生素K、B1、B2、B3和C；蛋白质以及镁、磷、锌、铜和碘的摄入量显著高于城市地区母亲（P<0.05）。哺乳期母亲较高的能量和宏量营养素摄入量与年龄增长呈显著负相关，与较高的BMI呈显著正相关（P<0.001）。
伊朗霍拉马巴德城乡地区的哺乳期妇女营养状况较差。建议在哺乳期进行营养教育并调整饮食模式。
