de Brito Ana Maria, de Sousa Jailson Lopes, Luna Carlos Feitosa, Dourado Inês
Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2006 Apr;40 Suppl:18-22. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102006000800004. Epub 2006 May 22.
The increase in the number of AIDS cases among women has led to an increase in the maternal-infant transmission of human acquired immunodeficiency virus. Measures for the control of this type of transmission were implemented in Brazil in 1996. The aim of the present study was to analyze time trends in maternal-infant transmission of AIDS among Brazilian children.
The present study included children born in Brazil between 1990 and 2001. We used the database of notified AIDS cases in children 13 years of age or younger between 1990 and 2004. Exponential regression models adjusted to the time series provided the annual variation rates and observed and expected values for the period.
We found a significant increasing trend for cases born prior to the year in which anti retroviral therapy was introduced, with an increase rate of about 12% (t<0.003) per year. Rates from different states ranged from 5.9% to 31%. The analysis of expected and observed cases for each of the country's five Regions showed a reduction in the number of cases among children born from 1997 onwards, with a progressive year-to-year reduction. The number of notified cases among children born in 2001 was less than 10% the number of expected cases.
The results obtained suggest a favorable response to the implementation of policies for the prevention of maternal-infant HIV transmission in Brazil, as observed in other parts of the world.
女性艾滋病病例数量的增加导致了人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒母婴传播的增多。1996年巴西实施了控制此类传播的措施。本研究的目的是分析巴西儿童艾滋病母婴传播的时间趋势。
本研究纳入了1990年至2001年在巴西出生的儿童。我们使用了1990年至2004年13岁及以下儿童艾滋病病例通报数据库。根据时间序列调整的指数回归模型提供了该时期的年变化率以及观察值和预期值。
我们发现，在引入抗逆转录病毒疗法之前出生的病例呈显著上升趋势，每年上升约12%（t<0.003）。不同州的发生率在5.9%至31%之间。对该国五个地区每个地区的预期病例和观察病例进行分析发现，1997年以后出生的儿童病例数有所减少，且逐年递减。2001年出生儿童的通报病例数不到预期病例数的10%。
研究结果表明，正如世界其他地区所观察到的那样，巴西预防母婴艾滋病毒传播政策的实施取得了良好成效。
