Mountzouris Konstantinos C, Balaskas Christos, Fava Fransesca, Tuohy Kieran M, Gibson Glenn R, Fegeros K
Department of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
Anaerobe. 2006 Aug;12(4):178-85. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.04.001. Epub 2006 May 30.
It is evident that quantitative information on different microbial groups and their contribution in terms of activity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and animals is required in order to formulate functional diets targeting improved gut function and host health. In this work, quantitative information on levels and spatial distributions of Bacteroides spp, Eubacterium spp, Clostridium spp, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. along the porcine large intestine was investigated using 16S rRNA targeted probes and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Caecum, ascending colon (AC) and rectum luminal digesta from three groups of individually housed growing pigs fed either a corn-soybean basal diet (CON diet) or a prebiotic diet containing 10 g/kg oligofructose (FOS diet) or trans-galactooligosaccharides (TOS diet) at the expense of cornstarch were analysed. DAPI staining was used to enumerate total number of cells in the samples. Populations of total cells, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium declined significantly (P < 0.05) from caecum to rectum, and were not affected by dietary treatments. Populations of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus and E. coli did not differ throughout the large intestine. The relative percent (%) contribution of each bacterial group to the total cell count did not differ between caecum and rectum, with the exception of Eubacterium that was higher in the AC digesta. FISH analysis showed that the sum of all bacterial groups made up a small percentage of the total cells, which was 12.4%, 21.8% and 10.3% in caecum, AC and rectum, respectively. This supports the view that in swine, the diversity of GI microflora might be higher compared to other species. In terms of microflora metabolic activity, the substantially higher numerical trends seen in FOS and TOS treatments regarding total volatile fatty acid, acetate concentrations and glycolytic activities, it could be postulated that FOS and TOS promoted saccharolytic activities in the porcine colon.
显然，为了制定旨在改善肠道功能和宿主健康的功能性日粮，需要有关不同微生物群及其在人类和动物胃肠道（GI）中的活性贡献的定量信息。在这项工作中，使用16S rRNA靶向探针和荧光原位杂交（FISH）研究了猪大肠中拟杆菌属、真杆菌属、梭菌属、大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌属和乳酸杆菌/肠球菌属的水平和空间分布。分析了三组单独饲养的生长猪的盲肠、升结肠（AC）和直肠腔内容物，这些猪分别饲喂玉米-大豆基础日粮（CON日粮）或含有10 g/kg低聚果糖的益生元日粮（FOS日粮）或以玉米淀粉为代价的转半乳寡糖（TOS日粮）。用DAPI染色法对样品中的细胞总数进行计数。从盲肠到直肠，总细胞、拟杆菌、真杆菌、梭菌和双歧杆菌的数量显著下降（P<0.05），且不受日粮处理的影响。整个大肠中乳酸杆菌/肠球菌和大肠杆菌的数量没有差异。除了AC消化物中真杆菌的相对百分比更高外，每个细菌群对总细胞计数的相对百分比（%）在盲肠和直肠之间没有差异。FISH分析表明，所有细菌群的总和仅占总细胞的一小部分，在盲肠、AC和直肠中分别为12.4%、21.8%和10.3%。这支持了这样一种观点，即与其他物种相比，猪胃肠道微生物群的多样性可能更高。就微生物代谢活性而言，在FOS和TOS处理中，总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸盐浓度和糖酵解活性出现了显著更高的数值趋势，可以推测FOS和TOS促进了猪结肠中的糖分解活性。
