Csernus Brigitta, Czeglédi Levente
Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Arch Anim Breed. 2020 Sep 10;63(2):325-335. doi: 10.5194/aab-63-325-2020. eCollection 2020.
In pig nutrition, there are some periods when natural alternatives to antibiotics are more required, such as during suckling and weaning. Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are a group of prebiotics applied as feed ingredients in animal nutrition since their positive effects on growth performance, immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, and gut morphology are reported. Accordingly, FOS may be candidate molecules to improve the mentioned properties in pigs. Previous studies defined FOS as inhibiting the activity of pathogens and increasing the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the gut, although metabolites of FOS decreased the intestinal pH value. Beneficial effects on digestive-enzyme activities and on protein digestion were determined in some studies. All of the three types of FOS (inulin, oligomeric fructans, and short-chain FOSs) promoted the microbial composition of the gut by increasing the colonizations of , , and genus. FOS also affected the immune response directly and indirectly and increased vaccine-specific IgA, serum IgG, and IgE levels. Moreover, FOS enhanced the activation of T cells and altered the secretions of some cytokines. Levels of vaccine-specific IgG could not be increased after FOS supplements. In most cases, FOS modified intestinal morphological parameters, such as longer villi, villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio, and thicker mucosa, which could suggest better absorptive functions. Results are contradictory on growth performance, which might be influenced by the chemical structure, the duration, and the dose of FOS, so further studies are required. This review aims to gather information regarding immunological, antimicrobial, intestine morphological, and growth performance properties of fructooligosaccharides in pigs.
在猪的营养中，有一些时期对抗生素的天然替代品需求更大，比如在哺乳和断奶期间。低聚果糖（FOSs）是一类益生元，由于其对生长性能、免疫参数、肠道微生物群和肠道形态有积极作用，因而被用作动物营养中的饲料成分。因此，FOS可能是改善猪上述特性的候选分子。先前的研究将FOS定义为抑制病原体活性并增加有益菌在肠道中的定植，尽管FOS的代谢产物会降低肠道pH值。一些研究确定了FOS对消化酶活性和蛋白质消化有有益作用。所有三种类型的FOS（菊粉、低聚果糖和短链FOS）都通过增加 、 和 属的定植来促进肠道微生物组成。FOS还直接和间接地影响免疫反应，并提高疫苗特异性IgA、血清IgG和IgE水平。此外，FOS增强了T细胞的活化并改变了一些细胞因子的分泌。补充FOS后疫苗特异性IgG水平无法提高。在大多数情况下，FOS改变了肠道形态参数，如更长的绒毛、绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比以及更厚的黏膜，这可能表明吸收功能更好。关于生长性能的结果相互矛盾，这可能受FOS的化学结构、持续时间和剂量影响，因此需要进一步研究。本综述旨在收集有关猪低聚果糖免疫、抗菌、肠道形态和生长性能特性的信息。
