Raviv Joseph R, Kern Robert C
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:108-124. doi: 10.1159/000093757.
Chronic rhinosinusitis encompasses a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses of at least 12 weeks' duration. In addition to nasal obstruction and discharge, chronic sinusitis is a common cause of olfactory dysfunction. However, smell loss is often overlooked in the clinical setting of sinusitis, with attention instead focused on the respiratory complaints of nasal obstruction, hypersecretion, and facial pressure and pain. Olfactory dysfunction can result in problems including safety concern, hygiene matters, appetite disorders, and changes in emotional and sexual behavior. Although smell loss related to sinonasal disease is probably the most treatable form of olfactory dysfunction, most studies show that improved olfactory sensation in this setting is usually transient and incomplete.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎是一组以鼻腔和鼻窦黏膜炎症持续至少12周为特征的疾病。除鼻塞和流涕外，慢性鼻窦炎是嗅觉功能障碍的常见原因。然而，在鼻窦炎的临床环境中，嗅觉丧失常常被忽视，注意力反而集中在鼻塞、分泌亢进以及面部压迫感和疼痛等呼吸道症状上。嗅觉功能障碍会导致包括安全问题、卫生问题、食欲紊乱以及情绪和性行为改变等问题。尽管与鼻-鼻窦疾病相关的嗅觉丧失可能是最可治疗的嗅觉功能障碍形式，但大多数研究表明，在这种情况下嗅觉改善通常是短暂且不完全的。
