John E Roy, Prichep Leslie S
Brain Research Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, NY 10016, USA.
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2006 Apr;37(2):135-43. doi: 10.1177/155005940603700210.
It has become apparent that the electrical signals recorded from the scalp of healthy individuals under standardized conditions are predictable, and that patients with a wide variety of brain disorders display activity with unusual features. It also early became apparent that centrally active medications produced striking changes in this activity. The application of computerized signal analysis to EEG recordings collected using standardized procedures has made it possible to obtain quantitative descriptions of brain electrical activity (QEEG) in normal individuals and patients with disorders of brain function or structure, as well as quantitative description of the ways in which centrally active medications alter this activity (Pharmaco-EEG or "PEEG"). With the emergence of three-dimensional EEG source localization techniques, it has recently become possible to visualize the mathematically most probable generators of QEEG abnormalities within the brain as well as the neuroanatomical regions where abnormal activity is most altered by efficacious medication. As QEEG and PEEG have evolved, a vast body of facts has been accumulated, describing changes in the EEG or event-related potentials (ERPs). observed in a variety of brain disorders or after administration of a variety of medications. With some notable exceptions, these studies have tended to be phenomenological rather than analytic. There has not been a systematic attempt to integrate these phenomena in order to build better understanding of how the abnormal behaviors of a particular psychiatric patient might be related to the specific pattern of the deviant electrical activity, nor just how pharmacological reduction of that deviant activity may have resulted in more normal behavior. This article is an endeavor to provide a more specific theoretical framework for understanding the relationships between the neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of the homeostatic system underlying the regulation of the QEEG, and the mechanisms revealed by Pharmaco-EEG that aid in correcting these illnesses.
显而易见，在标准化条件下从健康个体头皮记录到的电信号是可预测的，并且患有各种脑部疾病的患者表现出具有异常特征的活动。同样很早就发现，中枢活性药物会使这种活动产生显著变化。将计算机信号分析应用于使用标准化程序收集的脑电图记录，使得获取正常个体以及脑功能或结构紊乱患者的脑电活动定量描述（定量脑电图，QEEG）成为可能，同时也能对中枢活性药物改变这种活动的方式进行定量描述（药物脑电图或“PEEG”）。随着三维脑电源定位技术的出现，最近已经能够在大脑中可视化QEEG异常在数学上最可能的起源，以及有效药物对异常活动改变最大的神经解剖区域。随着QEEG和PEEG的发展，已经积累了大量关于脑电图或事件相关电位（ERP）变化的事实，这些变化在各种脑部疾病中或在使用各种药物后被观察到。除了一些显著的例外情况，这些研究往往是现象学的而非分析性的。尚未有系统的尝试来整合这些现象，以便更好地理解特定精神科患者的异常行为如何可能与异常电活动的特定模式相关，也不明白药物减少这种异常活动如何可能导致更正常的行为。本文旨在提供一个更具体的理论框架，以理解调节QEEG的稳态系统的神经解剖学和神经化学之间的关系，以及药物脑电图揭示的有助于纠正这些疾病的机制。
