Kayisli Umit A, Seli Emre
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;18(3):338-43. doi: 10.1097/01.gco.0000193008.88652.23.
The long-held belief that 'the total number of oocytes present in the mammalian ovary is generated during fetal ovarian development with no additional oocyte formation during reproductive life' has recently been challenged. This review aims to summarize the scientific evidence and discuss the criticism put forth by other investigators in the field. In addition, we will entertain possible future directions, underlining clinical implications of de-novo oocyte formation during adulthood.
An initial report of oocyte generation from mouse stem cells in vitro was followed by a publication by Johnson et al., suggesting that new oocyte formation occurs in adult mice. Their more recent findings point toward bone marrow as a source of germline stem cells that give rise to new oocytes.
The findings of Johnson et al. strongly suggest the generation of oocytes from stem cells in the adult mouse. Criticism by prominent investigators in the field has been voiced but not yet adequately supported by experimental evidence. Crucially, independent confirmation of the findings of Johnson et al. is also lacking. If proven to occur in human, de-novo oocyte formation from stem cells would have significant implications for fertility preservation.
长期以来人们一直认为“哺乳动物卵巢中存在的卵母细胞总数是在胎儿卵巢发育期间产生的，在生殖生命期间不会有额外的卵母细胞形成”，但这一观点最近受到了挑战。本综述旨在总结科学证据，并讨论该领域其他研究人员提出的批评意见。此外，我们将探讨未来可能的方向，强调成年期新生卵母细胞形成的临床意义。
最初有关于从小鼠干细胞体外生成卵母细胞的报道，随后约翰逊等人发表的一篇论文表明成年小鼠中会发生新的卵母细胞形成。他们最近的研究结果指出骨髓是产生新卵母细胞的生殖系干细胞的来源。
约翰逊等人的研究结果有力地表明成年小鼠中存在由干细胞生成卵母细胞的现象。该领域的知名研究人员已提出批评意见，但尚未得到实验证据的充分支持。至关重要的是，也缺乏对约翰逊等人研究结果的独立验证。如果干细胞生成卵母细胞在人类中得到证实，那么这将对生育力保存具有重大意义。
