Castano Emanuele, Giner-Sorolla Roger
Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10003, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 May;90(5):804-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.804.
The present research examines how awareness of violence perpetrated against an out-group by one's in-group can intensify the infrahumanization of the out-group, as measured by a reduced tendency to accord uniquely human emotions to out-groups. Across 3 experiments that used different in-groups (humans, British, White Americans) and out-groups (aliens, Australian Aborigines, and Native Americans), when participants were made aware of the in-group's mass killing of the out-group, they infrahumanized the victims more. The perception of collective responsibility, not just the knowledge that the out-group members had died in great numbers, was shown to be necessary for this effect. Infrahumanization also occurred concurrently with increased collective guilt but was unrelated to it. It is proposed that infrahumanization may be a strategy for people to reestablish psychological equanimity when confronted with a self-threatening situation and that such a strategy may occur concomitantly with other strategies, such as providing reparations to the out-group.
本研究考察了个体意识到自己所属内群体对某个外群体实施暴力行为后，会如何加剧对外群体的去人性化，这一现象通过减少赋予外群体独特人类情感的倾向来衡量。在3个实验中，分别使用了不同的内群体（人类、英国人、美国白人）和外群体（外星人、澳大利亚原住民、美国原住民），当参与者意识到内群体对某外群体进行大规模杀戮时，他们会更严重地去人性化受害者。结果表明，这种效应需要集体责任的认知，而不仅仅是知道外群体成员大量死亡。去人性化还与集体罪恶感的增加同时出现，但二者并无关联。研究认为，去人性化可能是人们在面对自我威胁情境时重建心理平衡的一种策略，并且这种策略可能与其他策略同时出现，比如向外群体提供赔偿。
