Fishbach Ayelet, Shah James Y
Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 May;90(5):820-32. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.820.
Five studies examined whether, in self-control dilemmas, individuals develop an implicit disposition to approach goals and avoid temptations, psychologically as well as physically. Using a method developed by A. K. Solarz (1960; see also K. L. Duckworth, J. A. Bargh, M. Garcia, & S. Chaiken, 2002), the authors assessed the time for pulling and pushing a lever in response to goal- and temptation-related stimuli (e.g., studying and partying). The results show that individuals offset the influence of tempting activities by automatically avoiding these stimuli (faster pushing responses) and by approaching stimuli related to an overarching goal (faster pulling responses). These implicit self-control dispositions varied as a function of the magnitude of the self-control conflict, itself defined by how strongly individuals were attracted to temptations and held the longer term goal. These dispositions were further shown to play a role in successful self-control.
五项研究探讨了在自我控制困境中，个体是否会在心理和生理上形成一种隐性倾向，即接近目标并避免诱惑。作者使用了A. K. 索尔扎（1960年；另见K. L. 达克沃思、J. A. 巴格、M. 加西亚和S. 柴肯，2002年）开发的一种方法，评估了个体在面对与目标和诱惑相关的刺激（如学习和聚会）时拉动和推动杠杆的时间。结果表明，个体通过自动避开这些刺激（更快的推动反应）以及接近与总体目标相关的刺激（更快的拉动反应）来抵消诱惑活动的影响。这些隐性自我控制倾向会随着自我控制冲突的程度而变化，自我控制冲突的程度本身由个体对诱惑的吸引力强弱以及对长期目标的坚持程度来定义。这些倾向进一步被证明在成功的自我控制中发挥作用。
