Ferguson Melissa J
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7601, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Apr;92(4):596-611. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.596.
The author's research examined automatically activated attitudes toward desired end-states. Across 4 studies, participants' automatic attitudes toward goals (i.e., thinness, egalitarianism) significantly predicted their goal pursuit, including behaviors, intentions, and judgments. Such attitudes predicted behavior and judgments that are difficult to monitor and control (i.e., restrained eating, subtle prejudice), but not judgments that are easy to monitor and control (i.e., blatant prejudice). Automatic attitudes toward goals also possessed unique predictive validity compared with explicit measures of motivation and with automatic attitudes toward more physical, "graspable" objects. The findings are discussed with regard to the predictive validity of automatic attitudes, the use of automatic attitudes toward goals as an implicit measure of motivation, and the role of automatic evaluative processes in goal-pursuit and self-regulation.
作者的研究考察了对期望的最终状态的自动激活态度。在4项研究中，参与者对目标（即瘦、平等主义）的自动态度显著预测了他们对目标的追求，包括行为、意图和判断。这种态度预测了难以监测和控制的行为和判断（即节制饮食、微妙偏见），但不能预测易于监测和控制的判断（即公然偏见）。与明确的动机测量以及对更具实体性、“可触及”对象的自动态度相比，对目标的自动态度也具有独特的预测效度。研究结果围绕自动态度的预测效度、将对目标的自动态度用作动机的隐性测量以及自动评价过程在目标追求和自我调节中的作用进行了讨论。
