Day N L, Richardson G A, Goldschmidt L, Robles N, Taylor P M, Stoffer D S, Cornelius M D, Geva D
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1994 Mar-Apr;16(2):169-75. doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90114-7.
Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance among pregnant women. Although there has been substantial concern about the effects of substance use during pregnancy, few studies have assessed the effects of prenatal exposure to marijuana and even fewer have provided longitudinal data on the developmental outcome of offspring. This is a report from a longitudinal study of substance use during pregnancy. The women in the cohort were of lower socioeconomic status, most were single, half were white and half were African-American. Women were interviewed at the fourth and seventh prenatal months, and women and children were assessed at delivery, 8, 18, and 36 months. Pediatric assessment included physical and cognitive development. At each study phase, mothers were interviewed about life style, living situation, current substance use, sociodemographic, and psychological status. Findings are reported on 655 women and children who were assessed at the third year. There were significant negative effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on the performance of 3-year-old children on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. The effects were associated with exposure during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Among the offspring of white women, these effects were moderated by the child's attendance at preschool/day-care at age three.
大麻是孕妇中最常用的非法物质。尽管人们一直非常关注孕期使用物质的影响，但很少有研究评估产前接触大麻的影响，提供后代发育结局纵向数据的研究更少。这是一项关于孕期物质使用的纵向研究报告。该队列中的女性社会经济地位较低，大多数为单身，一半是白人，一半是非裔美国人。在孕期的第四个月和第七个月对女性进行访谈，并在分娩时、8个月、18个月和36个月时对女性和儿童进行评估。儿科评估包括身体和认知发育。在每个研究阶段，都会就母亲的生活方式、生活状况、当前物质使用情况、社会人口统计学和心理状态进行访谈。报告了在第三年接受评估的655名女性和儿童的研究结果。产前接触大麻对3岁儿童在斯坦福-比奈智力量表上的表现有显著负面影响。这些影响与孕期头三个月和第二个三个月的接触有关。在白人女性的后代中，这些影响因孩子三岁时是否上幼儿园/日托而有所缓和。
