Bois Grégory, Bigras Francine J, Bertrand Annick, Piché Yves, Fung Martin Y P, Khasa Damase P
Centre de Recherche en Biologie Forestière, Pavillon C.-E.-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K7P4, Canada.
Tree Physiol. 2006 Sep;26(9):1185-96. doi: 10.1093/treephys/26.9.1185.
We tested the effects of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) inoculation on greenhouse-grown white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana L.) seedlings to be used for revegetation of salt-affected tailing sands resulting from the exploitation of oil sand in northeastern Alberta, Canada. White spruce and jack pine seedlings were inoculated with three ECM fungi selected for their in vitro tolerance to excess Na+ and Cl-: Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull) Quel. UAMH 5247, Laccaria bicolor Maire (Orton) UAMH 8232 and a Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing., Snell and Dick isolate from a salt-affected site. The physiological responses of the seedlings to a gradient of NaCl concentration (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were assessed over four weeks by: (1) Na+ accumulation and allocation; (2) chlorophyll a fluorescence; (3) growth, (4) water content; and (5) organic osmolyte accumulation. Jack pine seedlings were more sensitive than white spruce seedlings to increasing Na+ and Cl- concentrations. Both species showed decreasing biomass accumulation, and increasing concentrations of organic osmotica and Na with increasing NaCl concentration. White spruce seedlings inoculated with the S. tomentosus isolate had the best growth response at all NaCl concentrations tested. Although jack pine seedlings inoculated with the L. bicolor or S. tomentosus isolate exhibited the highest growth in the 50 and 100 mM NaCl treatments, both fungi increased the photochemical stress and dehydration of their hosts in the 200 mM NaCl treatment. At the latter concentration, jack pine seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme showed the greatest tolerance to salt stress. Although the different fungi altered the physiological response of the host in different ways, inoculation with salt-stress-tolerant ECM fungi increased growth and reduced the negative effects of excess NaCl. Use of controlled mycorrhization may increase survival of coniferous seedlings used for revegetation of salt-affected sites.
我们测试了外生菌根（ECM）接种对温室培育的白云杉（Picea glauca (Moench) Voss）和短叶松（Pinus banksiana L.）幼苗的影响，这些幼苗将用于加拿大艾伯塔省东北部油砂开采产生的盐渍尾矿砂的植被恢复。白云杉和短叶松幼苗接种了三种因其对过量Na+和Cl-的体外耐受性而选择的ECM真菌：卷边靴耳（Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull) Quel.）UAMH 5247、双色蜡蘑（Laccaria bicolor Maire (Orton)）UAMH 8232以及从一个盐渍地分离得到的绒毛乳牛肝菌（Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing., Snell and Dick）。在四周内通过以下方面评估了幼苗对NaCl浓度梯度（0、50、100和200 mM）的生理反应：（1）Na+积累与分配；（2）叶绿素a荧光；（3）生长；（4）含水量；以及（5）有机渗透物积累。短叶松幼苗比白云杉幼苗对不断增加的Na+和Cl-浓度更敏感。随着NaCl浓度增加，两个物种均表现出生物量积累减少，以及有机渗透物和Na浓度增加。接种绒毛乳牛肝菌分离株的白云杉幼苗在所有测试的NaCl浓度下均具有最佳生长反应。尽管接种双色蜡蘑或绒毛乳牛肝菌分离株的短叶松幼苗在50和100 mM NaCl处理中生长最高，但在200 mM NaCl处理中，这两种真菌均增加了其宿主的光化学胁迫和脱水。在后者浓度下，接种卷边靴耳的短叶松幼苗对盐胁迫表现出最大耐受性。尽管不同真菌以不同方式改变了宿主的生理反应，但接种耐盐胁迫的ECM真菌增加了生长并减少了过量NaCl的负面影响。使用可控菌根接种可能会提高用于盐渍地植被恢复的针叶树幼苗的存活率。
