Yule William
King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, UK.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;18(3):259-64. doi: 10.1080/09540260600656134.
The Asian tsunami of December 2004 galvanised mental health and emergency agencies in a way that no other recent disaster has done. The loss of life and forced migration focused national and international agencies on the need to provide appropriate psychosocial care from the very beginning. The prior academic arguments surrounding early intervention paled into insignificance against the urgent need to reduce distress and prevent chronic mental health problems. This chapter notes that there was a major, planned and early intervention following the earthquake in Bam, exactly one year earlier. The lessons from that are only now beginning to filter through and help shape better responses to disasters. It is argued that too many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and even IGOs are following theoretical positions that have little empirical justification. There is an urgent need for training for mental health and NGO personnel alike to deliver evidence-based psychological first aid. There is no justification for mental health responses to be delayed until weeks after a disaster happens.
2004年12月的亚洲海啸对心理健康和应急机构起到了激励作用，这是近期其他任何灾难都未曾做到的。生命的丧失和被迫迁移使国家和国际机构从一开始就关注到提供适当心理社会护理的必要性。与早期干预相关的先前学术争论，在减轻痛苦和预防慢性心理健康问题的迫切需求面前变得微不足道。本章指出，就在一年前，巴姆发生地震后进行了一次重大、有计划的早期干预。从那次事件中吸取的教训直到现在才开始逐渐显现，并有助于形成对灾难更好的应对措施。有人认为，太多非政府组织甚至政府间组织遵循的理论立场几乎没有实证依据。迫切需要对心理健康人员和非政府组织人员进行培训，以提供循证心理急救。没有理由将心理健康应对措施推迟到灾难发生数周后才进行。
