Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2001 May;10(3):169-73. doi: 10.1080/136457001753192295.
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become firmly established during the last decade. The advantages for patients are well recognised. Surgeons, however, must cope with disadvantages caused by an unergonomic working place. This includes architecture, operating room (OR) design, team interaction, equipment and, finally, posture and instrument handles. To prevent pressure areas, persisting nerve lesions, muscle cramps and fatigue caused by unergonomic tools it is necessary for the surgeon, both as a purchaser and user of laparoscopic instruments, to know the principles of ergonomically designed handles for MIS instruments. Anatomical, physiological and ergonomic facts are presented. An ideal ergonomic working posture for the laparoscopic surgeon and an optimal grasp for manipulating the instrument's functional elements are recommended. Criteria for genuine 'ergonomic handles' are established. These criteria enable the surgeon to evaluate ergonomic handles for MIS instruments according to his/her particular needs.
在过去十年中，微创手术（MIS）已牢固确立。其对患者的优势已得到充分认可。然而，外科医生必须应对由不符合人体工程学的工作场所所带来的劣势。这包括手术室的建筑结构、手术室（OR）设计、团队协作、设备，以及最终的姿势和器械手柄。为防止因不符合人体工程学的工具导致压力区域、持续性神经损伤、肌肉痉挛和疲劳，作为腹腔镜器械的购买者和使用者，外科医生有必要了解MIS器械符合人体工程学设计手柄的原理。文中阐述了解剖学、生理学和人体工程学方面的事实。推荐了腹腔镜外科医生理想的符合人体工程学的工作姿势以及操作器械功能部件的最佳握持方式。确立了真正“符合人体工程学手柄”的标准。这些标准使外科医生能够根据自身特定需求评估MIS器械的符合人体工程学的手柄。
