Osada Naoki, Kohn Michael H, Wu Chung-I
Division of Biomedical Research Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
Mol Biol Evol. 2006 Aug;23(8):1585-91. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msl023. Epub 2006 Jun 5.
Nucleotide sequence polymorphisms affecting gene expression occur in the regulatory region of genes (in cis) and elsewhere in the genome (in trans). Further study is required to weigh the relative importance of cis- and trans-acting mutations in mediating gene expression differences within and between species. Here, microarray hybridization experiments were used to isolate 363 gene expression differences between the female fly head transcriptomes of 2 Drosophila melanogaster strains. One strain (French) represented the cosmopolitan M mating race and the other strain (ZS30) represented the Z mating race derived from Zimbabwe, Africa. From chromosomal substitution strains engineered from the 2 strains, we inferred that the expression differences between M and Z alleles largely could be attributed to the genotype of the chromosomes where the differentially expressed genes were located, that is, cis-regulatory polymorphisms prominently influence gene expression differences between M and Z. The effects of trans-regulatory polymorphisms were apparent yet difficult to quantify. Results have implications for models of gene regulatory evolution as well as experimental studies trying to identify the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms underlying gene expression differences between Drosophila strains.
影响基因表达的核苷酸序列多态性发生在基因的调控区域（顺式作用）以及基因组的其他位置（反式作用）。需要进一步研究来权衡顺式和反式作用突变在介导物种内部和物种之间基因表达差异方面的相对重要性。在此，利用微阵列杂交实验分离了两种黑腹果蝇品系雌性蝇头转录组之间的363个基因表达差异。一个品系（French）代表世界性的M交配型，另一个品系（ZS30）代表源自非洲津巴布韦的Z交配型。从由这两个品系构建的染色体替代品系中，我们推断M和Z等位基因之间的表达差异很大程度上可归因于差异表达基因所在染色体的基因型，即顺式调控多态性显著影响M和Z之间的基因表达差异。反式调控多态性的影响很明显，但难以量化。这些结果对基因调控进化模型以及试图确定果蝇品系间基因表达差异背后的核苷酸序列多态性的实验研究具有启示意义。
