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美国城市学龄前儿童的肥胖问题:与种族、族裔和社会经济地位的关系。

Obesity among US urban preschool children: relationships to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

作者信息

Whitaker Robert C, Orzol Sean M

机构信息

Mathematica Policy Research Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.

出版信息

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Jun;160(6):578-84. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.160.6.578.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity among preschool children and to determine whether these differences are explained by socioeconomic factors.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional assessment.

SETTING

Twenty large US cities, from 2001 to 2003.

PARTICIPANTS

Of the 4898 children enrolled at birth in the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, we analyzed data for the 2452 who, at the age of 3 years, had their height and weight measured during a maternal survey.

MAIN EXPOSURES

Three socioeconomic indicators were the main exposures-maternal education, household income, and children's food security status, as assessed by the US Household Food Security Survey Module.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

Obesity, defined as a body mass index at the 95th percentile or higher for age and sex.

RESULTS

Of the mothers, 41.0% had education beyond high school, 52.9% of households had an income above the federal poverty threshold, and 79.5% of the children were food secure. The prevalence of obesity was 25.8% among Hispanics (any race), 16.2% among blacks, and 14.8% among whites. Compared with whites, the odds of obesity were significantly higher in Hispanics (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.73), but not in blacks (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.48). Neither of these odds ratios changed meaningfully after adjusting for all 3 socioeconomic indicators (Hispanics: odds ratio, 1.86 [95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.60]; and blacks: odds ratio, 1.07 [95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.47]).

CONCLUSION

In a sample of preschool children drawn from 20 large US cities, the high prevalence of obesity among Hispanics relative to blacks or whites was not explained by racial/ethnic differences in maternal education, household income, or food security.

摘要

目的

确定学龄前儿童肥胖患病率是否存在种族/族裔差异,并确定这些差异是否可由社会经济因素解释。

设计

横断面评估。

地点

2001年至2003年期间美国20个大城市。

参与者

在脆弱家庭与儿童福祉研究中,4898名出生时登记在册的儿童中,我们分析了2452名在3岁时于母亲调查期间测量了身高和体重的儿童的数据。

主要暴露因素

三个社会经济指标为主要暴露因素——母亲教育程度、家庭收入以及通过美国家庭粮食安全调查模块评估的儿童粮食安全状况。

主要结局指标

肥胖,定义为年龄和性别对应的体重指数处于第95百分位数或更高。

结果

母亲中,41.0%拥有高中以上学历,52.9%的家庭收入高于联邦贫困线,79.5%的儿童粮食安全。西班牙裔(任何种族)肥胖患病率为25.8%,黑人中为16.2%,白人中为14.8%。与白人相比,西班牙裔肥胖几率显著更高(优势比,2.00;95%置信区间,1.46 - 2.73),但黑人中并非如此(优势比,1.10;95%置信区间,0.82 - 1.48)。在对所有三个社会经济指标进行调整后,这两个优势比均未发生有意义的变化(西班牙裔:优势比,1.86 [95%置信区间,1.33 - 2.60];黑人:优势比,1.07 [95%置信区间,0.78 - 1.47])。

结论

在从美国20个大城市抽取的学龄前儿童样本中,西班牙裔相对于黑人或白人的高肥胖患病率无法由母亲教育程度、家庭收入或粮食安全方面的种族/族裔差异来解释。

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