Olfson Mark, Blanco Carlos, Liu Linxu, Moreno Carmen, Laje Gonzalo
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. mo49@.columbia.edu
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;63(6):679-85. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.679.
Although there are indications that antipsychotic drugs are increasingly used to treat children and adolescents, little is known about the characteristics of those who receive them.
To examine national trends and patterns in antipsychotic treatment of youth seen by physicians in office-based medical practice.
Analysis of national trends of visits (1993-2002) that included prescription of antipsychotics, and comparison of the clinical and demographic characteristics of visits (2000-2002) that included or did not include antipsychotic treatment.
Outpatient visits to physicians in office-based practice.
Patient visits by persons 20 years and younger from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys from 1993 to 2002.
Visits that included prescription of antipsychotics.
In the United States, the estimated number of office-based visits by youth that included antipsychotic treatment increased from approximately 201,000 in 1993 to 1,224,000 in 2002. From 2000 to 2002, the number of visits that included antipsychotic treatment was significantly higher for male youth (1913 visits per 100,000 population) than for female youth (739 visits per 100,000 population), and for white non-Hispanic youth (1515 visits per 100,000 population) than for youth of other racial or ethnic groups (426 visits per 100,000 population). Overall, 9.2% of mental health visits and 18.3% of visits to psychiatrists included antipsychotic treatment. From 2000 to 2002, 92.3% of visits with prescription of an antipsychotic included a second-generation medication. Mental health visits with prescription of an antipsychotic included patients with diagnoses of disruptive behavior disorders (37.8%), mood disorders (31.8%), pervasive developmental disorders or mental retardation (17.3%), and psychotic disorders (14.2%).
There has been a sharp national increase in antipsychotic treatment among children and adolescents in office-based medical practice. Second-generation antipsychotics are being widely prescribed, and emerging empirical evidence provides a base of support that is limited to short-term safety and efficacy.
尽管有迹象表明抗精神病药物越来越多地用于治疗儿童和青少年，但对于接受这些药物治疗的人群特征却知之甚少。
研究在门诊医疗实践中医生对青少年进行抗精神病治疗的全国趋势和模式。
分析1993 - 2002年包括抗精神病药物处方的就诊全国趋势，并比较2000 - 2002年包括或不包括抗精神病治疗的就诊的临床和人口统计学特征。
门诊医疗实践中的医生门诊。
1993年至2002年全国门诊医疗保健调查中20岁及以下人群的患者就诊情况。
包括抗精神病药物处方的就诊。
在美国，估计接受抗精神病治疗的青少年门诊就诊人数从1993年的约20.1万增加到2002年的122.4万。2000年至2002年期间，接受抗精神病治疗的男性青少年就诊人数（每10万人口1913次就诊）显著高于女性青少年（每10万人口739次就诊），白人非西班牙裔青少年就诊人数（每10万人口1515次就诊）高于其他种族或族裔青少年（每10万人口426次就诊）。总体而言，9.2%的心理健康就诊和18.3%的精神科医生就诊包括抗精神病治疗。2000年至2002年期间，92.3%的抗精神病药物处方就诊使用了第二代药物。开具抗精神病药物处方的心理健康就诊患者包括患有破坏性行为障碍（37.8%）、情绪障碍（31.8%）、广泛性发育障碍或智力障碍（17.3%）以及精神障碍（14.2%）的患者。
在门诊医疗实践中，全国范围内儿童和青少年的抗精神病治疗显著增加。第二代抗精神病药物被广泛处方，新出现的经验证据提供了仅限于短期安全性和有效性的支持基础。
