咖啡与小憩对夜间高速公路驾驶的影响：一项随机试验。
The effects of coffee and napping on nighttime highway driving: a randomized trial.
作者信息
Philip Pierre, Taillard Jacques, Moore Nicholas, Delord Sandrine, Valtat Cédric, Sagaspe Patricia, Bioulac Bernard
机构信息
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux and Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France.
出版信息
Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jun 6;144(11):785-91. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-144-11-200606060-00004.
BACKGROUND
Sleep-related accidents often involve healthy young persons who are driving at night. Coffee and napping restore alertness, but no study has compared their effects on real nighttime driving performances.
OBJECTIVE
To test the effects of 125 mL of coffee (half a cup) containing 200 mg of caffeine, placebo (decaffeinated coffee containing 15 mg of caffeine), or a 30-minute nap (at 1:00 a.m.) in a car on nighttime driving performance.
DESIGN
Double-blind, randomized, crossover study.
SETTING
Sleep laboratory and open highway.
PARTICIPANTS
12 young men (mean age, 21.3 years [SD, 1.8]).
MEASUREMENTS
Self-rated fatigue and sleepiness, inappropriate line crossings from video recordings during highway driving, and polysomnographic recordings during the nap and subsequent sleep.
INTERVENTION
Participants drove 200 km (125 miles) between 6:00 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. (daytime reference condition) or between 2:00 a.m. and 3:30 a.m. (coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or nap condition). After intervention, participants returned to the laboratory to sleep.
RESULTS
Nighttime driving performance was similar to daytime performance (0 to 1 line crossing) for 75% of participants after coffee (0 or 1 line crossing), for 66% after the nap (P = 0.66 vs. coffee), and for only 13% after placebo (P = 0.041 vs. nap; P = 0.014 vs. coffee). The incidence rate ratios for having a line crossing after placebo were 3.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 11.0; P = 0.001) compared with coffee and 2.9 (CI, 1.7 to 5.1; P = 0.021) compared with nap. A statistically significant interindividual variability was observed in response to sleep deprivation and countermeasures. Sleep latencies and efficiency during sleep after nighttime driving were similar in the 3 conditions.
LIMITATIONS
Only 1 dose of coffee and 1 nap duration were tested. Effects may differ in other patient or age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Drinking coffee or napping at night statistically significantly reduces driving impairment without altering subsequent sleep.
背景
与睡眠相关的事故常常涉及夜间驾车的健康年轻人。咖啡和小睡能恢复警觉性，但尚无研究比较它们对实际夜间驾驶表现的影响。
目的
测试125毫升含200毫克咖啡因的咖啡（半杯）、安慰剂（含15毫克咖啡因的脱咖啡因咖啡）或凌晨1点在车内进行30分钟小睡对夜间驾驶表现的影响。
设计
双盲、随机、交叉研究。
地点
睡眠实验室和开放高速公路。
参与者
12名年轻男性（平均年龄21.3岁[标准差1.8]）。
测量指标
自我评定的疲劳和困倦程度、高速公路驾驶期间视频记录中的不当越线情况，以及小睡和后续睡眠期间的多导睡眠图记录。
干预措施
参与者在下午6点至7点30分（白天参照条件）或凌晨2点至3点30分（咖啡、脱咖啡因咖啡或小睡条件）之间驾驶200公里（125英里）。干预后，参与者返回实验室睡觉。
结果
喝咖啡后，75%的参与者夜间驾驶表现与白天表现相似（0至1次越线）；小睡后，66%的参与者夜间驾驶表现与白天表现相似（与喝咖啡相比，P = 0.66）；而服用安慰剂后，只有13%的参与者夜间驾驶表现与白天表现相似（与小睡相比，P = 0.041；与喝咖啡相比，P = 0.014）。与喝咖啡相比，服用安慰剂后出现越线的发病率比值为3.7（95%可信区间，1.2至11.0；P = 0.001）；与小睡相比，发病率比值为2.9（可信区间，1.7至5.1；P = 0.021）。观察到个体对睡眠剥夺和应对措施的反应存在统计学上的显著差异。夜间驾驶后睡眠期间的入睡潜伏期和睡眠效率在三种条件下相似。
局限性
仅测试了1剂咖啡和1个小睡时长。在其他患者或年龄组中效果可能不同。
结论
夜间喝咖啡或小睡在统计学上能显著减轻驾驶能力受损，且不会改变后续睡眠。
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