Philip Pierre, Sagaspe Patricia, Taillard Jacques, Valtat Cédric, Moore Nicholas, Akerstedt Torbjorn, Charles André, Bioulac Bernard
Clinique du Sommeil, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
Sleep. 2005 Dec;28(12):1511-6. doi: 10.1093/sleep/28.12.1511.
To determine whether real-life driving would produce different effects from those obtained in a driving simulator on fatigue, performances and sleepiness.
Cross-over study involving real driving (1200 km) or simulated driving after controlled habitual sleep (8 hours) or restricted sleep (2 hours).
Sleep laboratory and open French Highway.
Twelve healthy men (mean age +/- SD = 21.1 +/- 1.6 years, range 19-24 years, mean yearly driving distance +/- SD = 6563 +/- 1950 miles) free of sleep disorders.
Self-rated fatigue and sleepiness, simple reaction time before and after each session, number of inappropriate line crossings from the driving simulator and from video-recordings of real driving.
Line crossings were more frequent in the driving simulator than in real driving (P < .001) and were increased by sleep deprivation in both conditions. Reaction times (10% slowest) were slower during simulated driving (P = .004) and sleep deprivation (P = .004). Subjects had higher sleepiness scores in the driving simulator (P = .016) and in the sleep restricted condition (P = .001). Fatigue increased over time (P = .011) and with sleep deprivation (P = .000) but was similar in both driving conditions.
Fatigue can be equally studied in real and simulated environments but reaction time and self-evaluation of sleepiness are more affected in a simulated environment. Real driving and driving simulators are comparable for measuring line crossings but the effects are of higher amplitude in the simulated condition. Driving simulator may need to be calibrated against real driving in various condition.
确定实际驾驶与驾驶模拟器环境下驾驶对疲劳、驾驶表现和嗜睡感产生的影响是否不同。
交叉研究，涉及在习惯睡眠（8小时）或受限睡眠（2小时）后进行实际驾驶（1200公里）或模拟驾驶。
睡眠实验室和法国开放高速公路。
12名无睡眠障碍的健康男性（平均年龄±标准差=21.1±1.6岁，年龄范围19 - 24岁，平均年驾驶里程±标准差=6563±1950英里）。
自我评定的疲劳和嗜睡程度、每次驾驶前后的简单反应时间、驾驶模拟器及实际驾驶视频记录中的违规压线次数。
驾驶模拟器中的压线次数比实际驾驶更频繁（P <.001），且在两种情况下，睡眠剥夺都会增加压线次数。模拟驾驶（P =.004）和睡眠剥夺（P =.004）期间的反应时间（最慢的10%）更慢。受试者在驾驶模拟器中（P =.016）以及睡眠受限状态下（P =.001）的嗜睡得分更高。疲劳随时间增加（P =.011）且受睡眠剥夺影响（P =.000），但在两种驾驶条件下相似。
在实际和模拟环境中均可同等程度地研究疲劳，但反应时间和嗜睡的自我评估在模拟环境中受影响更大。实际驾驶和驾驶模拟器在测量压线次数方面具有可比性，但模拟条件下的影响幅度更大。驾驶模拟器可能需要根据各种条件下的实际驾驶情况进行校准。
