Philip Pierre, Sagaspe Patricia, Moore Nicholas, Taillard Jacques, Charles André, Guilleminault Christian, Bioulac Bernard
Clinique du Sommeil, CHU Pellegrin, Place Amelie Raba Leon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2005 May;37(3):473-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2004.07.007.
We ran a randomized cross-over design study under sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived driving conditions to test the effects of sleep restriction on real driving performance. The study was performed in a sleep laboratory and on an open French highway. Twenty-two healthy male subjects (age = 21.5 +/- 2 years; distance driven per year = 12,225 +/- 4739 km (7641 +/- 2962 miles) [mean +/- S.D.]) drove 1000 km (625 miles) over 10 h during five 105 min sessions on an open highway. Self-rated fatigue and sleepiness before each session, number of inappropriate line crossings from video recordings and simple reaction time (RT) were measured. Total crossings increased after sleep restriction (535 crossings in the sleep-restricted condition versus 66 after non-restricted sleep (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 8.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.2-20.5; p < 0.001)), from the first driving session. The interaction between the two factors (conditionxtime of day) was also significant (F(5, 105) = 3.229; p < 0.05). Increasing sleepiness score was associated with increasing crossings during the next driving session in the sleep-restricted (IRR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-2.4) but not in the non-restricted condition (IRR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8-1.3). Increasing self-perceived fatigue was not associated with increasing crossings in either condition (IRR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98 and IRR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.98-1.02). Rested subjects drove 1000 km with four shorts breaks with only a minor performance decrease. Sleep restriction induced important performance degradation even though time awake (8h) and session driving times (105 min) were relatively short. Major inter-individual differences were observed under sleep restriction. Performance degradation was associated with sleepiness and not fatigue. Sleepiness combined with fatigue significantly affected RT. Road safety campaigns should encourage drivers to avoid driving after sleep restriction, even on relatively short trips especially if they feel sleepy.
我们在睡眠剥夺和非睡眠剥夺的驾驶条件下进行了一项随机交叉设计研究，以测试睡眠限制对实际驾驶性能的影响。该研究在睡眠实验室和一条开放的法国高速公路上进行。22名健康男性受试者（年龄=21.5±2岁；每年行驶距离=12225±4739公里（7641±2962英里）[平均值±标准差]）在一条开放高速公路上，分五个105分钟的时段，在10小时内驾驶1000公里（625英里）。测量了每个时段前的自我评定疲劳和困倦程度、视频记录中的不当越线次数以及简单反应时间（RT）。从第一次驾驶时段开始，睡眠限制后总越线次数增加（睡眠限制条件下为535次越线，非限制睡眠后为66次（发病率比（IRR）：8.1；95%置信区间（95%CI）：3.2 - 20.5；p<0.001））。两个因素（条件×一天中的时间）之间的交互作用也很显著（F(5, 105)=3.229；p<0.05）。在睡眠限制条件下，困倦评分增加与下一个驾驶时段的越线次数增加相关（IRR：1.9；95%CI：1.4 - 2.4），但在非限制条件下不相关（IRR：1.0；95%CI：0.
