Bednarek Michał, Zieliński Jan, Górecka Dorota
II Klinika Chorób Płuc, Instytut Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2005;73(2):122-7.
We aimed to characterize smoking habits in participants of the large national screening program for COPD run in Poland in the years 2000-2002.
The program was addressed to smokers aged 40+ years with a smoking history of 10+ packyears. Participants were invited by advertisements in local mass media to attend local outpatient chest clinic located through all over the country for free spirometry. Investigations included history of smoking habit based on questionnaire, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and spirometry.
During three years 91859 subjects were screened, of whom 81091 (88.3%) were current and former smokers. In male smokers (56.6%), mean age 54.2 +/- 11.4 yr, mean exposure to tobacco smoke was 32.8 +/- 18.7 packyears. There were 33289 (61.7%) of current smokers and 14905 (30,9%) of ex-smokers. In female smokers (41.3%), mean age 51.8 +/- 10.0 yr, mean exposure to tobacco smoke was 22.9 +/- 14.8 packyears. There were 22291 (70.7%) of current smokers and 9226 (29.3%) of ex-smokers. Males started to smoke at younger age of (19.2 +/- 4.6 yr) than females (21.8 +/- 5.9 yr). Males were more nicotine dependent than females, 4.93 +/- 2.4 vs 4.48 +/- 2.5 FTND points, respectively. Nicotine dependence was related to number of packyears (r=0.5, p<0.001). Airflow limitation was more prevalent in ex-smokers (23.9%) than in current smokers (19.6%).
We found differences in smoking habits between males and females. Females started smoking at later age and smoked less than males. Nicotine dependence was related to cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke. Frequency of airflow limitation was related to number of packyears.
我们旨在描述2000年至2002年在波兰开展的大型全国慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）筛查项目参与者的吸烟习惯。
该项目针对年龄40岁及以上、吸烟史达10包年及以上的吸烟者。通过当地大众媒体广告邀请参与者前往遍布全国的当地门诊胸部诊所进行免费肺活量测定。调查包括基于问卷的吸烟习惯史、尼古丁依赖的法格斯特罗姆测试（FTND）和肺活量测定。
在三年时间里，共筛查了91859名受试者，其中81091名（88.3%）为当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者。在男性吸烟者（占56.6%）中，平均年龄为54.2±11.4岁，平均吸烟暴露量为32.8±18.7包年。当前吸烟者有33289名（占61.7%），既往吸烟者有14905名（占30.9%）。在女性吸烟者（占41.3%）中，平均年龄为51.8±10.0岁，平均吸烟暴露量为22.9±14.8包年。当前吸烟者有22291名（占70.7%），既往吸烟者有9226名（占29.3%）。男性开始吸烟的年龄（19.2±4.6岁）比女性（21.8±5.9岁）更小。男性比女性对尼古丁的依赖性更强，FTND评分分别为4.93±2.4和4.48±2.5。尼古丁依赖与包年数相关（r=0.5，p<0.001）。气流受限在既往吸烟者中（23.9%）比在当前吸烟者中（19.6%）更为普遍。
我们发现男性和女性在吸烟习惯上存在差异。女性开始吸烟的年龄较晚，吸烟量比男性少。尼古丁依赖与烟草烟雾的累积暴露有关。气流受限的频率与包年数有关。
