ter Veld Marcel G R, Schouten Bastiaan, Louisse Jochem, van Es Daan S, van der Saag Paul T, Rietjens Ivonne M C M, Murk Albertinka J
Toxicology section, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jun 14;54(12):4407-16. doi: 10.1021/jf052864f.
This study presents the estrogenic potency of 21 food-packaging-associated compounds determined for the first time, using two transfected U2-OS (human osteoblasts devoid of endogenous estrogen receptors) estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta cell lines. Six plasticizers and three antioxidants were slightly estrogenic in the ERalpha cells. The model compounds bisphenol A and nonylphenol, one plasticizer [tris(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (TEHTM)], and two antioxidants (propyl gallate and butylated hydroxyanisole) were estrogenic in both ERalpha and ERbeta cells. Compared to estradiol (E2), these compounds appeared to be relatively more estrogenic in the ERbeta cells than in the ERalpha cells. Three sorbitol-based plasticizers activated neither ERalpha nor ERbeta and may be good replacements of existing plasticizers. All responses were additive with the response of E2. This indicates that they may contribute to the total effects of the pool of estrogenic compounds humans are exposed to. The estrogenic potencies of these compounds, together with the suggested beneficial effect of ERbeta-mediated responses and adverse ERalpha-mediated effects, support the importance of detecting characteristics for ERalpha and ERbeta response separately in independent models, as done in the present study.
本研究首次使用两种转染的U2-OS（缺乏内源性雌激素受体的人成骨细胞）雌激素受体（ER）α和β细胞系，测定了21种与食品包装相关化合物的雌激素活性。六种增塑剂和三种抗氧化剂在ERα细胞中具有轻微雌激素活性。模型化合物双酚A和壬基酚、一种增塑剂[偏苯三酸三（2-乙基己基）酯（TEHTM）]以及两种抗氧化剂（没食子酸丙酯和丁基羟基茴香醚）在ERα和ERβ细胞中均具有雌激素活性。与雌二醇（E2）相比，这些化合物在ERβ细胞中似乎比在ERα细胞中具有相对更强的雌激素活性。三种基于山梨醇的增塑剂既不激活ERα也不激活ERβ，可能是现有增塑剂的良好替代品。所有反应与E2的反应呈加和性。这表明它们可能对人类接触的雌激素化合物池的总体效应有贡献。这些化合物的雌激素活性，以及ERβ介导反应的潜在有益作用和ERα介导的不利作用，支持了在独立模型中分别检测ERα和ERβ反应特征的重要性，本研究正是这样做的。
