McFarlane I D, Anderson P A, Grimmelikhuijzen C J
Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull.
J Exp Biol. 1991 Mar;156:419-31. doi: 10.1242/jeb.156.1.419.
Antho-RWamide I (less than Glu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2) and Antho-RWamide II (less than Glu-Gly-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2), the second and third anthozoan neuropeptides to be identified, both induced slow contractions of several endodermal muscles in four species of sea anemone. In a fifth species, Protanthea simplex, Antho-RWamide II, but not Antho-RWamide I, evoked contractions of body wall muscles. Isolated, trimmed sphincter muscle preparations of Calliactis parasitica contracted at a threshold concentration of 10(-9) mol l-1 Antho-RWamide II. Antho-RWamide II was more potent than Antho-RWamide I. Unlike the responses to Antho-RFamide (the first anthozoan neuropeptide described), these were simple contractions with no change in spontaneous activity. The Antho-RWamides did not excite electrical activity in any of the three known conducting systems (the through-conducting nerve net and the slow systems 1 and 2), indicating that they may be acting directly on endodermal muscles. Application of peptides to smooth muscle cells, isolated from the sphincter of C. parasitica, confirmed that Antho-RWamide I and II act directly on the muscle. We conclude that the Antho-RWamides may be neurotransmitters at some neuromuscular synapses in sea anemones.
Antho-RWamide I（少于Glu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2）和Antho-RWamide II（少于Glu-Gly-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2）是被鉴定出的第二和第三种珊瑚虫神经肽，它们均可诱导四种海葵的几种内胚层肌肉出现缓慢收缩。在第五种海葵——简单原花海葵（Protanthea simplex）中，Antho-RWamide II可诱发体壁肌肉收缩，而Antho-RWamide I则不能。在10^(-9) mol l-1的Antho-RWamide II阈值浓度下，分离并修剪后的寄生美丽海葵（Calliactis parasitica）括约肌肌肉制剂会发生收缩。Antho-RWamide II比Antho-RWamide I更有效。与对Antho-RFamide（所描述的第一种珊瑚虫神经肽）的反应不同，这些反应是简单的收缩，自发活动没有变化。Antho-RWamides在三个已知的传导系统（贯穿传导神经网以及慢系统1和2）中均未激发电活动，这表明它们可能直接作用于内胚层肌肉。将这些肽应用于从寄生美丽海葵括约肌分离出的平滑肌细胞，证实了Antho-RWamide I和II直接作用于肌肉。我们得出结论，Antho-RWamides可能是海葵某些神经肌肉突触处的神经递质。
