Nakata Akinori, Ikeda Tomoko, Takahashi Masaya, Haratani Takashi, Hojou Minoru, Fujioka Yosei, Swanson Naomi G, Araki Shunichi
National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
Am J Ind Med. 2006 Aug;49(8):658-69. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20338.
Workers involved in manufacturing are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury, and this risk is greater in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial job stress and occupational injuries among workers in SMEs.
One thousand forty-nine men and 721 women from 244 SMEs participated in this study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Japanese version of the generic job stress questionnaire, which covered 14 job stress variables. Occupational injury was assessed by self-report during the last 1-year period.
Workers with high quantitative workload (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 for men, 1.62 for women), high cognitive demands (OR = 1.70 for men, 1.53 for women), and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.33 for men, 1.93 for women) had a significantly increased risk of occupational injury in the multivariate model. High variance in workload (OR = 1.70) and high job future ambiguity (OR = 1.35) in men, and low job control (OR = 2.04) and high intragroup conflict (OR = 1.66) in women were significantly associated with occupational injury. In manufacturing/production workers, high quantitative workload (OR = 1.91), high variance in workload (OR = 2.02), and high depressive symptoms (OR = 1.55) were significantly associated with injury in men, while low social support from colleagues (OR = 2.36) or family (OR = 2.51) was related to injury in women.
These data point to an independent relationship between psychosocial job stress and self-reported occupational injury in SMEs.
制造业工人是职业伤害的高风险人群，而中小企业（SMEs）中的这种风险更高。本研究的目的是探讨中小企业工人心理社会工作压力与职业伤害之间的关联。
来自244家中小企业的1049名男性和721名女性参与了本研究。使用日本版通用工作压力问卷评估感知到的工作压力，该问卷涵盖14个工作压力变量。通过自我报告评估过去1年期间的职业伤害情况。
在多变量模型中，工作量大（男性优势比[OR]=1.55，女性为1.62）、认知要求高（男性OR=1.70，女性为1.53）以及工作满意度低（男性OR=1.33，女性为1.93）的工人职业伤害风险显著增加。男性工作量差异大（OR=1.70）和工作前景高度不确定（OR=1.35），女性工作控制低（OR=2.04）和组内冲突高（OR=1.66）与职业伤害显著相关。在制造/生产工人中，男性工作量大（OR=1.91）、工作量差异大（OR=2.02）和抑郁症状高（OR=1.55）与伤害显著相关，而女性同事（OR=2.36）或家庭（OR=2.51）的社会支持低与伤害有关。
这些数据表明中小企业中心理社会工作压力与自我报告的职业伤害之间存在独立关系。
